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2005-09-14 19:28:39 UTC
Kambojas
Kambojas are very ancient people of north-western parts of ancient
India, frequently mentioned in ancient texts, although not in the Rig
Veda. They are known to belong to ancient Indo-Iranian branch of the
Indo-European family. The Rig Veda ऋग्वेद (Sanskrit ṛc
praise + veda knowledge) is the earliest of the four Hindu religious
scriptures known as the Vedas. ... Indo-Iranian can refer to: The
Indo-Iranian languages The prehistoric Indo-Iranian people, see Aryan
This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other
pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a
linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. ...
The Kambojas still live as Kamboj and Kamboh in the greater Panjab and
as Kams/Kamoz and Katirs/Kamtoz of Siyaposh tribe, in the Nuristan
province of Afghanistan. Their numbers have greatly dwindled, and
currently, the total population still known by their ancient name(s) is
estimated to be about 1.5 million. Look up Kamboj in Wiktionary, the
free dictionary Kamboj is frequently used as surname or last name by
many Kambojs, currently living in India. ... Look up Kamboh in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboh is frequently used as surname or
last name by Muslim Kambojs, currently living in Pakistan. ... Punjab,
1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (sometimes spelt Panjab) is a
region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... The lower
part of the Bashgul Valley of Nurestan (Afghanistan) is known as Kam.
... The lower part of the Bashgul Valley of Nurestan (Afghanistan) is
known as Kam. ... The Siah-Posh Kafir tribal group of Kafirstan
(present Nuristan) includes five divisions or clans as under: Katirs,
Kams or Kamoz Mumans or Madugals, Kashtoz or Kashtans and Gourdesh or
Istrat. ... The Siah-Posh Kafir tribal group of Kafirstan (present
Nuristan) includes five divisions or clans as under: Katirs, Kams or
Kamoz Mumans or Madugals, Kashtoz or Kashtans and Gourdesh or Istrat.
... Siah-Posh Kafirs (or dark robed Kafirs) constitute the major
division of the Kafirs of Hindukush. ... Nurestan Province (also
spelled Nuristan) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
... This article is about political regions. ...
Contents
1 Origin & language
2 Original Home
3 Warrior Clan
4 Master Horsemen
5 Kambojas in Indian Traditions
6 The Kambojas and Alexander the Great
7 The Kambojas and the Mauryan Empire
8 Migration of Kambojas
9 Modern Kamboj and Kamboh
9.1 Kamboj/Kamboh diaspora
9.2 Kamboj/Kamboh traditions
9.3 Kamboj/Kamboh during Muslim Rule
9.4 Kamboj/Kamboh as Agriculturists
9.5 Physical Charactersitics of Kamboj/Kamboh
9.6 Kamboj in Sports
9.7 General
10 See also
Origin & language
Buddhist Jatakas, Yasaka's Nirukata, Herodotus (Book I.140), numerous
Brahmanical literature and Avestic texts indicate that ancient Kamboja
was the center of Iranian civilization. This is evident from the
Mazdean religious customs of ancient Kambojas, that is, the people of
Kamboja, as well as from the Avestic dialect they spoke. Statues of
Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind
followers to practice right living. ... The Jataka stories are a
significant body of works about the previous lives of Gautama Buddha.
... Bust of Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek:
ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΣ, Herodotos) was an ancient historian
who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC-ca. ... Young Indian
brahmachari Brahmin A Brahmin (less often Brahman) is a member of the
Hindu priestly caste. ... See Avesta Municipality for the Swedish town
Yasna 28. ... A civilization or civilisation has a variety of meanings
related to human society. ... From Ahura Mazda. ...
It is now widely accepted among the scholars that the Kambojas formed
Avestan speaking group of the East Iranians and were located mainly in
north-eastern parts of Afghanistan and parts of Tajikstan. Scholars
also believe that the Zoroastrian religion had originated in east Iran
in the land of the Kambojas. Yasna 28. ... The Republic of Tajikistan
(Тоҷикистон), formerly known as the Tajik Soviet Socialist
Republic, is a country in Central Asia. ... Zoroastrianism was adapted
from an earlier, polytheistic faith by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) in
Persia very roughly around 1000 BC (although, in the absence of written
records, some scholars estimates are as late as 600 BC). ...
Noted authorities like Dr Christian Lassen, Dr E. Kuhn, Dr S. Levi, Dr
M. Witzel and numerous others have traced the ethnic name Kamboja in
the royal name Kambujiya of the Old Persian Inscriptions (Cambyses of
Greeks). Kambujiya was the name of several great Persian kings of
Achaemenid line. The same name appears as C-n-b-n-z-y in Aramaic,
Kambuzia in Assyrian, Kambythet in Egyptian, Kam-bu-zi-ia in Akkadian,
Kan-bu-zi-ia in Elamite, and Kanpuziya in Susian language. Look up
Kamboja in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Cambyses II (Persian
Kambujiya (کمبوجیه), d. ... Persia or Persian most often refer
to: Persia The Persians, an ethnic group, also called Tajiks Persian
language Persian (Pokémon) See also Iranian, Iranian peoples, Iranian
languages and Aryan. ... Cambyses or Cambese is Greek version of the
name of several monarchs of Achaemenid line of ancient Persia. ...
Persia or Persian most often refer to: Persia The Persians, an ethnic
group, also called Tajiks Persian language Persian (Pokémon) See also
Iranian, Iranian peoples, Iranian languages and Aryan. ... A monarch is
a type of ruler or head of state, whose titles and ascent are often
inherited, not earned, and who represents a larger monarchical system
which has established rules and customs regarding succession, duties,
and powers. ... Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Dynasty was a dynasty
in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus II the Great, Darius I
and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of
Persia ruled over territories roughly emcompassing some parts of todays
Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon... Aramaic is a Semitic
language with a four-thousand year history. ... This article concerns
the Assyrians in northern Iraq and neighboring areas. ... Akkadian
(liÅ¡Änum akkadÄ«tum) was a Semitic language (part of the
greater Afro-Asiatic language famaily) spoken in ancient Mesopotamia,
particularly by the Assyrians and Babylonians. ... Elamite is an
extinct language, which was spoken in the ancient Elamite Empire. ...
Winged sphinx from the palace of Darius the Great at Susa. ...
Cambyses III, son of Cyrus the Great, is famous for his conquest of
Egypt (525 BCE) and the havoc he had wrought upon this country. Tomb of
Cyrus the Great in Pasargadae Cyrus II the Great (Persian: کوروش
کبیر) (about 576 - July, 529 BC) was a king of Persia, famous for
his military prowess and mercy. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th
century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s
BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s
BC Events 529 BC - Cambyses II succeeds his father Cyrus as ruler of
Persia. ...
Original Home
In ancient literature and inscriptions, the Kambojas are frequently
listed with the Gandharas, Yavanas, Madras, and Sakas etc, which tribes
are known to belong to Uttarapatha. Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath,
Kushan Period, ca. ... Yona, Yonaka or Yavana is a Pali word used in
ancient India to designate Greeks. ... Madras refers to: the Indian
city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now
known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian
affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of
ancient India. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a
higher standard of quality. ... Ancient Buddhist and Brahmanical texts
reveal that Uttarapatha was the name of northern division of Jambudvipa
of ancient Indian traditions. ...
The Epics, Puranas and other Sanskrit literature specifically state the
Kambojas as a tribe located in Uttarapatha or Udichya i.e northern
division. EPIC might be an acronym or abbreviation for: Electronic
Privacy Information Center Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing
Enhanced Programmable ircII Client El Paso Intelligence Center End
Poverty In California European Privatisation and Investment Corporation
Sometimes it is also used to refer to Epic Games game development
company. ... The Puranas are part of Hindu Smriti; these religious
scriptures discuss devotion and mythology. ... The Sanskrit language (
संस्कृता वाक्) is one of the earliest attested
members of the Indo-European language family and is not only a
classical language, but also an official language of India. ... Viewed
historically or developmentally, a tribe consists of a social formation
existing before the development of, or outside of, states. ... Ancient
Buddhist and Brahmanical texts reveal that Uttarapatha was the name of
northern division of Jambudvipa of ancient Indian traditions. ...
Yasaka's Nirukata (II/2) attests that verb 'shavati' in the sense 'to
go' was used by the Kambojas and only the Kambojas.
It has been proved that the modern Galcha dialects viz. Valkhi,
Shigali, Sriqoli, Jebaka (also called Sanglichi or Ishkashim), Munjani,
Yidga and Yagnobi mainly spoken in Pamirs and countries on the head
waters of Oxus still have the continuants of the ancient Kamboja
'shavati' in the sense 'to go'. The Yagnobi dialect spoken in Yagnobe
around head-waters of Zeravshan in Sogdiana also still contains relic
from ancient Kamboja 'shavati' in the sense to go. Further, the former
language of Badakshan was also a dialect of Galcha which is stated to
have been replaced by Persian in the last few centuries only
(Linguistic Survey of India, X, p 456) A dialect (from the Greek word
διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a
language used by people from a particular geographic area. ... Yagnobi
is a language spoken by abour two and a half thousand people in
Tadjikistan. ... Located in Central Asia, the Pamir Mountains are
formed by the junction of the worlds greatest mountain ranges, a
geologic structural knot from which the great Tian Shan, Karakoram,
Kunlun, and Hindu Kush mountain systems radiate. ... The Amu Darya (in
Persian آمودریا; Darya means river in Persian) rises in the
Pamirs and flows mainly north-west through the Hindu Kush,
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to join the Aral Sea in a large river
delta. ... The Zeravshan or Zarafshan river, whilst smaller and less
well-known than the two great rivers of Central Asia, the Oxus or
Amu-Darya and the Jaxartes or Syr-Darya, is if anything more valuable
as a source of irrigation in the region. ... Sogdiana (Sugdiane, O.
Pers. ... Afghanistan and of Tajikistan. ... Persian
(Ùارسی / پارسی), (local name in
Iran/Persia, Afghanistan and Tajikistan: ‘Fârsi’),
‘Pârsi’ (older local name, but still used by some
speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (another local name
in Tajikistan and Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran,
Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, western Pakistan, Bahrain, and
elsewhere. ...
The linguistic evidence combined with numerous literary and
inscriptional evidence has led many noted scholars to conclude that
ancient Kambojas originally belonged to the 'Galcha' speaking area of
Central Asia. Broadly conceived, linguistics is the study of human
language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study. ... This
article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of
quality. ...
Thus, the ancient Kamboja probably had comprised Pamirs, Badakshan and
possibly parts of Tajikstan including Yognobi region in the doab of
Oxus of Central Asia. On the east it was bounded roughly by Yarkand
and/or Kashgar, on west by Bahlika (Uttaramadras), on the northwest by
Sogdianas, on the north by Uttarakurus, on the southeast by Daradas and
on the south by Gandharas. Located in Central Asia, the Pamir Mountains
are formed by the junction of the worlds greatest mountain ranges, a
geologic structural knot from which the great Tian Shan, Karakoram,
Kunlun, and Hindu Kush mountain systems radiate. ... Afghanistan and of
Tajikistan. ... The Republic of Tajikistan (Тоҷикистон),
formerly known as the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, is a country in
Central Asia. ... A Doab, meaning two waters is a term used in India
and Pakistan for a tract of land between two confluent rivers. ... The
Amu Darya (in Persian آمودریا; Darya means river in Persian)
rises in the Pamirs and flows mainly north-west through the Hindu Kush,
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to join the Aral Sea in a large river
delta. ... Yarkand (modern Chinese name 叶城, pinyin ye cheng, also
Chokkuka, anciently Suoju 莎車 (also written Shache and Suoche), was
an ancient Buddhist kingdom located between Pishan and Kashgar on the
branch of the Silk Road that ran along the southern edge of the
Taklamakan desert in the Tarim Basin. ... Kashgar, (Uyghur:
قەشقەر/KÌ¢ÇxkÌ¢Çr; Chinese:
喀什; Pinyin: , 39°28′ N 76°03′ E), is an
oasis city in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the Peoples
Republic of China. ... The Uttaramadra was the northern branch of the
Madra people who are numerously referenced in ancient Sanskrit and Pali
literature. ... Sogdiana (Sugdiane, O. Pers. ... Uttarakuru was the
name of ancient country and its people as numerously referenced in
ancient Vedic, Brahmanical and the Buddhist texts and numerous other
ancient Sanskrit texts. ... Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath, Kushan
Period, ca. ...
Later, some sections of the Kambojas had crossed Hindukush and planted
Kamboja colonies in Paropamisadae and as far as Rajauri. The Hindu Kush
or Hindukush (هندوکش in Persian) is a mountain range in
Afghanistan as well as in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... The
Paropamisadae is an ancient area of the Hindu-Kush, in the Eastern part
of Afghanistan. ...
This view is fully supported from Mahabharata (2/27/23-25) which
specifically draws our attention to the Kambojas in the cis-Hindukush
region as neighbors to the Daradas, and the Parama-Kambojas across the
Hindukush as neighbors to the Rishikas (or Tukharas) of
Ferghana/Sogdiana. The Mahabharata (Devanagari:
महाà¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤, phonetically
MahÄbhÄrata - see note), sometimes just called Bharata, is one of
the two major ancient Sanskrit epics of India, the other being the
Ramayana. ... Ancient Sanskrit literature reveals that like the
Madras/Uttara Madras and the Kurus/Uttara Kurus, the ancient Kambojas
also had, at least two settlements. ... The Hindu Kush or Hindukush
(هندوکش in Persian) is a mountain range in Afghanistan as well as
in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... There is mention of Rishikas in
the Mahabharata, Brhat Samhita, Markendeya Purana and Ramayana etc. ...
Fergana is a city in the Fergana Valley, capital of the Fargona
Viloyati of Uzbekistan. ... Sogdiana (Sugdiane, O. Pers. ...
The two separate Kamboja settlements are also substantiated from
Ptolemy's Geography which references a geographical term 'Tambyzoi'
located on river Oxus in Badakshan and an 'Ambautai' people living on
southern side of Hindukush in the Paropamisadae. Scholars have
identified Ptolemian Tambyzoi and Ambautai with Sanskrit Kamboja.
Claudius Ptolemaeus, given contemporary German styling, in a 16th
century engraved book frontispiece . Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek:
ΚλαÏδιος Î
τολεμαῖος; ca. ... Afghanistan and of
Tajikistan. ...
Yidga sub-dialect of Galcha Munjani is still spoken on southern sides
of Hindukush in Paropamisadae which further strengthens the view that
Kambojas did move to southern side of Hindukush. The Paropamisadae is
an ancient area of the Hindu-Kush, in the Eastern part of Afghanistan.
...
With time, the trans-Hindukush Kambojas remained essentially Iranian in
culture and religion, while those in the cis-Hindukush region came
under Indian cultural influence. This probably is the reason as to why
the ancient Kambojas are attested to have both Indian as well as
Iranian affinities.
Still later, some sections of the Kambojas had moved further to
Arachosia which fact is attested from the Aramaic version of
Greco-Aramaic inscriptions of king Ashoka found in Kandahar. Arachosia
is the ancient name of an area that corresponds to the southern part of
today s Afghanistan, around the city of Kandahar. ... Please see Ashoka
(disambiguation) for other uses of the word Ashoka Ashoka the Great
(also Asoka, Aśoka, pronounced Ashok, even though there is an a at
the end) was the ruler of the Mauryan empire from 273 BC to 232 BC. A
convert to Buddhism, Ashoka reigned over most... KandahÄr (or
QandahÄr) is a city in southern Afghanistan, the capital of Kandahar
province. ...
Some scholars have identified original Kamboja with Arachosia, which
view does not seem to be correct.
Warrior Clan
In India, the Kambojas seem to have belonged to the Kshatriya caste of
the Indo-Aryan Society. According to the code of Manu, a Kshatriya is a
member of the military or reigning order, one of four varna within the
Vedic system of four groups or classes. ...
The earliest and most powerful reference endorsing the Kshatriyahood of
the Kambojas is Panini's fifth century BCE Ashtadhyayi. Panini refers
to the Kamboja Janapada and mentions it as one of the fifteen powerful
Kshatriya Janapadas of his times, inhabited and ruled by Kamboja
Kshatriyas (Ashtadhyayi, 4.1.168-175). The title given to this article
is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The Ashtadhyayi
(Ạṣtādhyāyī, meaning eight chapters) is the earliest known
grammar of Sanskrit, and one of the first works on descriptive
linguistics, generative linguistics, or linguistics altogether. ... The
political process among the ancient Aryans appears to have originally
started with semi-nomadic tribal units called Jana (Sanskrit: Jana =
tribe). ... According to the code of Manu, a Kshatriya is a member of
the military or reigning order, one of four varna within the Vedic
system of four groups or classes. ...
The Harivamsa attests that the clans of Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas,
Pahlavas etc were formerly Kshatriyas. It was king Sagara who had
deprived the Kambojas and other allied tribes from their Kshatiyahood
(Harivamsa 14/19) and forbidden them to perform Svadhyayas and
Vasatkaras (Harivamsa, 14/17).
Harivamsa also calls this group of Sakas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Pahlavas
and Paradas as Kshatriya-pungava i.e foremost among the Kshatriyas.
Manusmriti attests that the Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas etc were
originally noble Kshatriyas but were gradually degraded to the status
of Sudras on account of their omission of the sacred rites and of their
not consulting the Brahmanas (X/43-44). The Manu Smriti or Laws of
Manu, is one of the eighteen Smritis of the Dharma Sastra (or laws of
righteous conduct), written c. ... Shudra, or Sudra, is the fourth
caste, or varna, in the traditional four-caste division among Indian
castes. ...
The Mahabharata also specifically notes that the Kambojas, Sakas,
Yavanas, Pahlavas etc were originally noble Kshatriyas but later got
degraded to barbaric status due to their neglect of the Brahmanas (MBH
13/33/31-32). The Mahabharata (Devanagari:
महाà¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤, phonetically
MahÄbhÄrata - see note), sometimes just called Bharata, is one of
the two major ancient Sanskrit epics of India, the other being the
Ramayana. ...
Arthashastra of Kautiliya (11/1/04) attests Kshatriya Shrenis
(Corporations of Warriors) of the Kambojas, Surashtras and some other
nations and notes them as living by agriculture, trade and warfare.
Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on economics and politics
written by king maker Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) in the 4th
century BC during the rule of the Mauryan dynasty. ... ... A warrior is
a person habitually engaged in combat. ... Saurashtra in between Gulf
of Kutch and Gulf of Khambat. ...
The legend of Daivi Khadga or Divine Sword detailed in Shantiparva of
Mahabharata (12/166/1-81) also powerfully endorses the Kshatriyahood of
the Kambojas. The sword, as a symbol of Kshatriyahood was wrested by
warrior king Kamboja from Kosala king Kuvalashava alias Dhundhumara,
from whom it went to a Yavana king Muchukunda (MBH 12/166/77-78).
Daniel Is not a very good example of a legend For other senses of this
word, see legend (disambiguation). ... The legend of Mahabharata sword
appears in the Shantiparva of Mahabharata. ... The legend of
Mahabharata sword appears in the Shantiparva of Mahabharata. ... A
warrior is a person habitually engaged in combat. ... Epic Mahabharata
refers to a king or warrior whom it calls Kamboja. ... Kosala was an
ancient Indian kingdom, corresponding roughly in area with the region
of Oudh. ... Yona, Yonaka or Yavana is a Pali word used in ancient
India to designate Greeks. ...
Bhagavata Purana (2.7.35) references a king of Kambojas and calls him
as powerfully armed mighty warrior (samiti-salina atta-capah Kamboja).
The Bhagavata Purana (sometimes rendered as Bhagavatha Purana), also
known as the Srimad Bhagavatam, written c. ...
Kalika Purana (20/40) refers to a war between Buddhist king Kali
(Maurya Brihadratha) and Brahmanical king Kalika (Pusyamitra Sunga)
where the Kambojas came as military supporters to Maurya king
Brihadratha (187-180) BCE. The Purana notes the Kamboja warriors as
(Kambojai...bhimavikramaih) i.e the Kambojas of terrific military
prowess, which again endorses the Kshatriyahood of the Kambojas. The
Kalika Purana is one of the eighteen Upapuranas. ... Chandragupta
Maurya (ruled 322–298 BC), known to the Greeks as Sandracottus, was
the first emperor of the Mauryan empire. ... Brhadrata was the last
ruler of the Indian Mauryan dynasty. ... Pusyamitra Sunga (also
Pushyamitra Shunga) was the founder of the Indian Sunga dynasty (185-78
BCE). ...
There are more such-like references in the Puranas, Mahabharata,
Ramayana and other ancient Sanskrit and Pali literature which further
document the Kshatriyahood of the Kambojas. Lord Ram, Laxman, Sita and
Hanuman(crouching) The Ramayana (Sanskrit: march (ayana) of Rama) is
part of the Hindu smriti, written by Valmiki. ... The Sanskrit language
( संस्कृता वाक्) is one of the earliest
attested members of the Indo-European language family and is not only a
classical language, but also an official language of India. ... . Pāli
(ISO 639-1: pi; ISO 639-2: pli) is a Middle Indo-Aryan dialect or
prakrit. ...
Master Horsemen
The horses of the Kambojas were famous through out all periods of
ancient history. Ancient literature is overflowing with excellent
references to the famed Kamboja horses. The Puranas, the Epics, Ancient
Sanskrit plays, the Buddhist Jatakas, the Jaina Canon and numerous
other ancient sources, all agree that the horses of the Kambojas were a
foremost breed. The Puranas (Sanskrit purÄṇá ancient, since
they focus on ancient history of the universe) are part of Hindu
Smriti; these religious scriptures discuss varied topics like devotion
to God in his various aspects, traditional sciences like Ayurveda,
Jyotish, cosmology, concepts like dharma, karma, reincarnation and many
others. ... EPIC might be an acronym or abbreviation for: Electronic
Privacy Information Center Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing
Enhanced Programmable ircII Client El Paso Intelligence Center End
Poverty In California European Privatisation and Investment Corporation
Sometimes it is also used to refer to Epic Games game development
company. ... The Jatakas form a part of Buddhist canonical literature.
... The hand with a wheel on the palm symbolizes the Jain Vow of
Ahinsa, meaning non-injury and nonviolence. ... Canon (the Latin form
of the Greek kanon, rule) can mean: In religion: Canon law, all
legislation adopted by an ecumenical council of the Catholic or Eastern
Orthodox churches. ...
Horse cultureIn Buddhist texts like Manorathpurani, Kunala Jataka and
Samangavilasini, the Kamboja land is spoken of as the 'birth place of
horses' (Kambojo assánam áyatanam.... Samangalavilasini, I, p 124).
Public domain picture from U.S. Bureau of Land Management This image
has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its
copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Public
domain picture from U.S. Bureau of Land Management This image has been
released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright
has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Aruppa-Niddesa of Visuddhimagga of Buddhaghosa states the Kamboja as
the 'base of horses' (10/28). Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa was a 5th
century Indian Theravadin Buddhist commentator and scholar. ...
Jaina Canon Uttaradhyana-Sutra (11/16) tells us that a trained Kamboja
horse exceeded all other horses in speed and no noise could ever
frighten it. The hand with a wheel on the palm symbolizes the Jain Vow
of Ahinsa, meaning non-injury and nonviolence. ... Canon (the Latin
form of the Greek kanon, rule) can mean: In religion: Canon law, all
legislation adopted by an ecumenical council of the Catholic or Eastern
Orthodox churches. ...
Bhishamaparva of Mahabharata (6/90/3-4) lists best horses from various
lands, but places the steeds from the Kamboja at the head of the list,
and specifically designates them as the leaders among the best horses
(Kamboja....mukhyanam).
In the great battle fought on the field of Kurukshetra, the fast and
powerful steeds of Kamboja were of greatest service ( Dr B. C. Law).
Kurukshetra may refer to: The Kurukshetra war described in the
Mahabharata, an Indian epic The town and district of Kurukshetra in the
Indian state of Haryana This is a disambiguation page — a
navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same
title. ...
Ramayana (1/6/22), Kautiliya's Arthashastra (2/30/32-34), Brahmanda
Purana (II,2.16.16), Somes'ara's Manasollasa (4.4.715-30),
Ashva.Chakitsata by Nakula (p 415), Raghuvamsha (4/70) and Mandakraanta
of Kalidasa, Karanabhaar(19) of Bhaasa, Vamsa-Bhaskara, Madhypithika
and numerous other ancient texts and inscriptions make highly laudatory
references to Kamboja horses and state them the finest breed. Lord Ram,
Laxman, Sita and Hanuman(crouching) The Ramayana (Sanskrit: march
(ayana) of Rama) is part of the Hindu smriti, written by Valmiki. ...
... Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on economics and
politics written by king maker Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) in the
4th century BC during the rule of the Mauryan dynasty. ... Kalidasas
Raghuvamsha tells of the family of Rama and his descendents, including
the conqueror Raghu. ... Kalidasa (कािलदास) is arguably
Indias greatest Sanskrit poet and dramatist, his title Kavikulaguru
(Preceptor of All Poets) bearing testimony to his stature. ...
Vishnuvardhana, the real founder of Hoysala greatness, who later on
became ruler of Mysore had the Kamboja horses and he had made the earth
tremble under the tramp of his powerful Kamboja horses. Mysore is the
second largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. ...
These references amply demonstrate that the Kamboja horses were sleek,
very powerful and a foremost breed. They have been especially noted for
their great fleetness and remarkable behavior in the battle field.
No doubt, the Kamboja steeds had been the prized possession of the
kings and the warriors in ancient times. A warrior is a person
habitually engaged in combat. ...
It was on account of their supreme position in horse (Ashva) culture
that the ancient Kambojas were also popularly known as Ashvakas i.e.
horsemen. Their clans in Kunar/Swat valleys have been referred to as
Assakenois and Aspasios in classical writings and Ashvakayanas and
Ashvayanas in Panini's Ashtadhyayi. Cultural studies developed in the
late 20th century, in part through the re-introduction of Marxist
thought into sociology, and in part through the articulation of
sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism.
... The Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ...
Kunar province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan,
located in the northeastern part of the country and on the border with
Pakistan. ... SWAT officers SWAT (an acronym for Special Weapons and
Tactics; originally Special Weapons Attack Team) is a specialized
paramilitary police unit in major United States city police
departments, which is trained to perform dangerous operations. ...
Fljótsdalur in East-Iceland A valley is a landform, which can range
from a few square miles (square kilometers) to hundreds or even
thousands of square miles (square kilometers) in area. ... The Ashvakas
are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ... The Ashvakas are
very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ... The word classical
has several meanings: Pertaining to the societies of the classical
antiquity, ancient Greece or Rome. ... The Ashvakas are very ancient
people of north-east Afghanistan. ... The Ashvakas are very ancient
people of north-east Afghanistan. ... Panini can refer to:
PÄṇini, the 5th century BC Sanskrit grammarian Panini
(sandwich), a type of Italian sandwich Panini (stickers), a brand of
collectible stickers Giovanni Paolo Panini, an Italian artist This is a
disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that
might otherwise share the same title. ... The Ashtadhyayi
(Ạṣtādhyāyī, meaning eight chapters) is the earliest known
grammar of Sanskrit, and one of the first works on descriptive
linguistics, generative linguistics, or linguistics altogether. ...
Mahabharata specifically refers to the Kambojas as Ashva-Yudha-Kushalah
i.e expert cavalrymen (MBH 12/101/5).
Dronaparva highly applauds the Kamboja cavalry, and states it as
extremely fast and fleet (Kambojah... yayur.ashvair.mahavegaih...MBH
7/7/14). Italian cavalry officers practice their horsemanship in 1904
outside Rome. ...
The Mahabharata, Ramayana, numerous Puranas and some foreign sources
amply attest that the Kamboja cavalry-troopers were frequently
requisitioned in ancient wars [1].
Therefore, there is no exaggeration in the Mahabharata statement
portraying the ancient Kambojas as horse-lords and masters of
horsemanship.
Kambojas in Indian Traditions
See Kambojas in Indian Traditions Kambojas find repeated reference in
ancient Sanskrit and Pali literature including Atharvaveda, Paninis
Ashtadhyayi, Yasakas Nirukata, Mahabharata, Ramayana, numerous Puranas,
Kautiliyas Arthashastra, Buddhist Jatakas, Jaina Canons, several
Sanskrit plays and numerous other ancient texts. ...
The Kambojas and Alexander the Great
As the Kambojas were famous for their horses (ashva) and as a
cavalry-men (ashvaka), the Ashvakas i.e. horsemen was also the term
popularly applied to them. These Ashvakas inhabited Eastern Afghanistan
and were included in the general term Kambojas (Dr K. P. Jayswal; Dr.
Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukherjee; Dr Singh, Dr L.M. Joshi etc). The
Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ... The
Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ...
French scholars like Dr E. Lamotte also identify the Ashvakas with the
Kambojas (Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien, p 110, E. Lamotte).
Bust of Alexander III in the British Museum.The Kambojas entered into
conflict with Alexander the Great as he invaded Central Asia: " The
Macedonian conqueror made short shrifts of the arrangements of Darius
and over-running Achaemenid Empire, dashed into Afghanistan and
encountered stiff resistance of the Kamboja tribes called Aspasios and
Assakenois known in the Indian texts as Ashvayana and Ashvakayana "
(Panjab Past and Present, pp 9-10; History of Porus, pp 12, 38, Dr
Buddha Parkash) Download high resolution version (768x1062, 127 KB)Copy
of a Greek (near contemporary?) bust of Alexander the Great in the
British Museum. ... Download high resolution version (768x1062, 127
KB)Copy of a Greek (near contemporary?) bust of Alexander the Great in
the British Museum. ... A bust is bust: a sculpture depicting a persons
chest, shoulders, and head, usually supported by a stand. ... The main
entrance to the British Museum The British Museum in London is the
United Kingdoms - and one of the worlds - largest and most important
museums of human history and culture. ... Alexander the Great fighting
the Persian king Darius (Pompeii mosaic, from a 3rd century BC original
Greek painting, now lost). ... Darius was the name of three kings of
ancient Persia: Darius the Great or Darius I of Persia. ... Achaemenid
empire in its greatest extent The Achaemenid Dynasty (Hakamanishiya in
the Avestan language, هخامنشی - transliterated
Hakamanshee in Modern Persian) was an Iranian dynasty in the ancient
Persian Empire, including Darius the Great and Xerxes I. At the height
of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories
roughly...
These Ashvayana and Ashvakayana Kamboj clans had fought the invader to
a man. When worst came to worst, even the Ashvakayan Kamboj women had
taken up arms and joined their fighting husbands, thus preferring 'a
glorious death to a life of dishonor' (Diodorus in McCrindle, p 270).
The Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ... The
Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ...
The Ashvakas had fielded 30,000 strong cavalry, 30 elephants and 20,000
infantry against Alexander
The Ashvayans (Kambojas) were also a good cattle breeders and
agriculturists. This is clear from big number of the bullocks, 230,000
according to Arrian, of a size and shape superior to what the
Macedonians had not known, which Alexander captured from them and
decided to send them to Macedonia for agriculture (History of Panjab,
I, p 226). Lucius Flavius Arrianus Xenophon (c 92-c 175), known in
English as Arrian, was a Roman historian. ...
According to one line of scholars, name Afghan has evidently been
derived from Ashvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian. (C. Lassen, J. W.
McCrindle, Saan Martin, Phillip Smith etc).
The Kambojas and the Mauryan Empire
The Mudrarakshas play of Visakhadutta as well as the Jain works
Parisishtaparvan refers to Chandragupta's alliance with Himalayan king
Parvatka. The Himalyan alliance gave Chandragupta a composite army made
up of Yavanas, Kambojas, Sakas, Kiratas, Parasikas and Bahlikas
(Bactrian]]s (Mudrarakshas, II). This article deals with the fourth
century BC founder of the Maurya dynasty. ... Yona, Yonaka or Yavana is
a Pali word used in ancient India to designate Greeks. ... This article
needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The Persians of Iran (which was named Persia until 1935) are an Iranian
people who speak the Farsi dialect of Persian and often refer to
themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ...
With the help of these frontier martial tribes from the north-west,
Chandragupta was able to defeat the Greek successors of Alexander the
Great as well as the Nanda rulers of Magadha and succeeded in founding
the Maurya Empire in northern India. Alexander the Great fighting the
Persian king Darius (Pompeii mosaic, from a 3rd century BC original
Greek painting, now lost). ... Nanda dynasty was established by an
illegitimate son of the king Mahanandin of the previous Shishunaga
dynasty. ... Chandragupta Maurya (ruled 322–298 BC), known to the
Greeks as Sandracottus, was the first emperor of the Mauryan empire.
...
The Kambojas find prominent mention as a unit in the 3rd century BCE
Edicts of Ashoka. The Rock Edict XIII tells us that the Kambojas had
enjoyed autonomy under Mauryas. The republics mentioned in Rock Edict V
are Yonas, Kambojas, Gandharas, Nabhakas and the Nabhapamkitas. They
are designated as 'araja vishaya' in Rock Edict XIII which shows that
they were kingless i.e Republican units. In other words, the Kambojas
formed a self-governing political unit under the Maurya Emperors. The
Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of
Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka
of the Mauryan dynasty during his reign from 272 to 231 BCE. These
inscriptions are dispersed throughout the areas of modern-day
Pakistan... Yona, Yonaka or Yavana are Pali words used in ancient India
to designate Greeks. ... Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath, Kushan
Period, ca. ...
King Ashoka had sent missionaries to the Kambojas to convert them to
Buddhism and has recorded this fact in his Rock Edict V. Please see
Ashoka (disambiguation) for other uses of the word Ashoka Ashoka the
Great (also Asoka, Aśoka, pronounced Ashok, even though there is an
a at the end) was the ruler of the Mauryan empire from 273 BC to 232
BC. A convert to Buddhism, Ashoka reigned over most... A replica of an
ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is
a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha,
SiddhÄrtha Gautama, who lived between approximately 566 and 486 BCE.
Originating in India, Buddhism gradually spread throughout Asia to
Central Asia...
Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa attest that Ashoka had sent thera Maharakkhita
to Yona and Majjhantika to Kashmra and Gandhara to preach Dharma among
Yonas, Gandharas and Kambojas. The Mahavamsa (Pali: “Great
Chronicle”) is an important non-canonical Buddhist historical text
compiled in Sri Lanka in the 6th century CE , in the Pali language. ...
Yona, Yonaka or Yavana are Pali words used in ancient India to
designate Greeks. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to
a higher standard of quality. ... Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath,
Kushan Period, ca. ... Yona, Yonaka or Yavana are Pali words used in
ancient India to designate Greeks. ...
Sasanavamsa specifically attests that Maharakkhita thera went to Yonaka
country and established Buddha's Sasana in the lands of the Kambojas
and other countries (Sasanavamsa (P.T.S.), p 49) Yona, Yonaka or Yavana
is a Pali word used in ancient India to designate Greeks. ...
Thus, the Zoroastrian as well as the Brahmanised Hindu Kambojas appear
to have embraced Buddhism in large numbers due to the efforts of king
Ashoka and his envoys. Zoroastrianism was adapted from an earlier,
polytheistic faith by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) in Persia very roughly
around 1000 BC (although, in the absence of written records, some
scholars estimates are as late as 600 BC). ... A Hindu is an adherent
of Hinduism, the predominant religious, philosophical and cultural
system of India (Bharat). ...
See also: Edicts of Ashoka The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33
inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave
walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during his
reign from 272 to 231 BCE. These inscriptions are dispersed throughout
the areas of modern-day Pakistan...
Migration of Kambojas
See Migration of Kambojas Maximum extent of the yavana Indo-Greek
territory circa 175 BCE. References to Kambojas abound in ancient
literature, and this may have been just the expansion of an
Indo-European tribe with both Persian and Indic affinities from their
homeland in the Afghanistan-Turkistan region along the foothills of
the...
Modern Kamboj and Kamboh
Kamboj/Kamboh diaspora
The Kamboj or Kamboh living in upper India (Greater Panjab) are
identified as the modern representatives of the ancient Kambojas. They
are found as Hindus, Sikhs, Muslims, Buddhists and the Jains. Look up
Kamboj in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboj is frequently used as
surname or last name by many Kambojs, currently living in India. ...
Look up Kamboh in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboh is frequently
used as surname or last name by Muslim Kambojs, currently living in
Pakistan. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (Meaning:
Land of five Rivers) (also Panjab, Gurmukhi:
ਪੰਜਾਬ, Devanagari:
पंजाब, Shahmukhi: پنجاب) is a
region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... A Hindu is
an adherent of Hinduism, the predominant religious, philosophical and
cultural system of India (Bharat). ... A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism,
a religious faith originating in the Punjab. ... A Muslim (Arabic:
مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... Statues of Buddha
such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers
to practice right living. ... The hand with a wheel on the palm
symbolizes the Jain Vow of Ahinsa, meaning non-injury and nonviolence.
...
The Tajiks, Siyaposh tribe (Kam/Kamoz, Katir/Kamtoz) of Nuristan,
Yashkuns and the Yusufzais of Eastern Afghanistan and NWFP of Pakistan
are said by various scholars to have descended from the ancient
Kambojas. It has been suggested that Tajik (China) be merged into this
article or section. ... Siah-Posh Kafirs (or dark robed Kafirs)
constitute the major division of the Kafirs of Hindukush. ... The lower
part of the Bashgul Valley of Nurestan (Afghanistan) is known as Kam.
... The lower part of the Bashgul Valley of Nurestan (Afghanistan) is
known as Kam. ... The Siah-Posh Kafir denomination includes the five
sub-tribes (1) Kaitrs, (2) Kams or Kamoz (3) Mumans or Madugals, (4)
Kashtoz or Kashtans and (5) Gourdesh or Istrat. ... The Siah-Posh Kafir
tribal group of Kafirstan (present Nuristan) includes five divisions or
clans as under: Katirs, Kams or Kamoz Mumans or Madugals, Kashtoz or
Kashtans and Gourdesh or Istrat. ... Nurestan Province (also spelled
Nuristan) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... The
Yousafzai is the smallest ethnic Afghan/Pashtun tribe and largest in
NWFP of Pakistan. ...
Kambojs are known as adventurous and enterprising people. Therefore, as
a colonists, Servicemen, and businessmen, they have also spread, after
the partion, into various parts of India, including Uttar Pradesh,
Ganganagar in Rajasthan, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh. A minuscule agrarian
community called Kambhoj is stated to be living since olden times in
Maharashtra, which may have descended from those Kambojas who had
settled in South-West India around Christian era. This article refers
to a colony in politics and history. ... A Norwegian soldier (a
Corporal, armed with an MP-5) A soldier is a person who has enlisted
with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign
country and has undergone training and received equipment to defend
that country or its interests. ... Set out below is an annotated
listing of corporate leaders, who are or have been the head of large or
successful business enterprises, or who are otherwise well known for
their commercial acumen, listed alphabetically by last name. ... Uttar
Pradesh (Hindi: उतà¥à¤¤à¤°
पà¥à¤°à¤¦à¥‡à¤¶, Urdu: اتر
پردیش), also popularly known by its acronym UP, is the
fifth largest and the most populous state in India. ... Rajasthan
(राजसà¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨) is the
geographically largest state in northwestern India. ... This article
deals with the city of Delhi. ... Madhya Pradesh
(मधà¥à¤¯ पà¥à¤°à¤¦à¥‡à¤¶) is a
state in central India. ... Agrarian has two meanings: It can mean
pertaining to Agriculture It can also refer to the ideology of
Agrarianism and Agrarian parties. ... A community is an amalgamation of
living things that share an environment. ... Kamboj is very frequently
used as surname or last name by many Kambojs, currently living in
India. ... Maharashtra
(महाराषà¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤°) is
Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms
of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... A Christian is a follower of
Jesus of Nazareth. ... ERA is an abbreviation for several different
things, including: the Equal Rights Amendment, a proposed, but
unratified, Constitutional amendment in United States Earned run
average, a baseball statistic Engine Room Artificer Education Reform
Act Engineering Research Associates, a pioneering computer firm from
the 1950s Academy of European Law Trier Explosive...
Kamboj/Kamboh traditions
The Kambohs are stated to be the ancient inhabitants of Persia (Denzil
Ibbetson, H. A. Rose, S. S. Gill, Chaudhri Wahhab Ud-Din). ...
The Sikh Kamboj of Kapurthala & Jullundur (Panjab) claim descent from
Raja Karan. They also have a tradition that their ancestors came from
Kashmir. A Sikh man wearing a turban A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism, a
religious faith originating in the Punjab. ... Sainik School,
Kapurthala Kapurthala is a city in Punjab state of India. ... small
alley in Jalandhar, close to the fish-market rikshaws with bananas in
Jalandhar, close to the fish-market // Jalandhar is a city in the state
of Punjab, India. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab
(sometimes spelt Panjab) is a region straddling the border between
India and Pakistan. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform
to a higher standard of quality. ...
Hindu Kambohs claim to be related to the Rajputs and to have come from
Persia through southern Afghanistan. The Kambohs of Bijnor claim to
have come from Trans-Indus country and Mr Purser accepts this as
evidently true. The Hindu Kambohs from Karnal claim their origin from
Garh-Gazni (Afghanistan). Their Pandits still pronounce the following
couplet at the phera during their marriage ceremony to give information
about their original home: A Hindu is an adherent of Hinduism, the
predominant religious, philosophical and cultural system of India
(Bharat). ... A Rajput (from Sanskrit rÄja-putra, son of a king) is
a member of a prominent caste who live throughout northern and central
India, primarily in the northwestern state of Rajasthan. ... The
Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic
dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Bijnor,
variously spelt as Bijnaur and Bijnour, is a town, which is the
district headquarters of Bijnor district of Uttar Pradesh state, India.
...
Garh Gazni Nikaas, Lachhoti Ghaggar vaas.
Translation:
Originated from the fort of Gazni, and settled down in Ghaggar region
(Panjab). Minaret, July 2001 Ghazni is a city in central Afghanistan,
situated on a plateau at 7280 feet above sea level. ...
Muslim Kambohs have a tradition that they descended from ancient Kai
dynasty of Persia, to which the emperors Kaikaus, Kaikhusro, Kaikubad,
Kai-lehrashab and Darius all belonged. On the last king of the dynasty
having been dethroned, and expelled from the country, he wandered about
some time with his family and dependents in the neighboring countries
and finally settled in Panjab (H. A. Rose, A. H. Bingley, H. M. Elliot,
Dr G. S. Mansukhani, R. C. Dogra, etc). A Muslim (Arabic:
مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... A dynasty is a family
or extended family which retains political power across generations, or
more generally, any organization which extends dominance in its field
even as its particular members change. ... The Persian Empire is the
name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled
the country of Persia (Iran). ... Darius was the name of three kings of
ancient Persia: Darius the Great or Darius I of Persia. ...
Kamboj/Kamboh during Muslim Rule
Muslim Kambohs/Kambojs were very influential and powerful in the early
days of Moghul rule. General Shahbaz Khan Kamboh was the most trusted
general of Akbar. Sheikh Gadai Kamboh was the Sadar-i-Jahan in Akbar's
reign (Akbar Nama, Abu-L-Fazl, Trans H. Blochman, p 122). Numerous
other Kamboj are known to have occupied very key civil and military
positions during Lodhi, Pathan and the Moghul reign in India. A Muslim
(Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... The Mughal
Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word
Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim
Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...
General is a military rank used by nearly every country in the world.
... Jalauddin Akbar Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbár, (alternative
spellings include Jellaladin) also known as Akbar the Great
(Akbar-e-Azam) (October 15, 1542 – 1605) was the ruler of the
Mughal Empire from the time of his accession in 1556 until 1605. ...
The Sayyids and the Kambohs from among the Indian Muslims were
specially favored for high military and civil positions during Moghul
rule (The composition of the Mughal nobility, Concise Encyclopedia
Britannica, Online; The Mughal Nobility Under Aurangzeb, 2002, p 21, M.
Athar Ali; Cultural History of India, 1975, p 261, A. L. Basham).
Sayyid (Arabic: سید also rendered as Sayed, in Malaysia and
South Asia, also Syed, or Saiyed) is an honorific title often given to
descendants of Muhammad through his grandsons, Hussain and Hassan. ...
A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... The
Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the
word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated
Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of
Panipat. ... The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their
Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the Windows of the Lodge of
the Heralds. ...
The Kambohs held Nakodar in Jullundur and Sohna in Gurgaon some
centuries ago; and the tombs and mosques that they have left in Sohna
show that they must have enjoyed considerable position (H. A. Rose; D.
Ibbetson). Nakodar. ... small alley in Jalandhar, close to the
fish-market rikshaws with bananas in Jalandhar, close to the
fish-market // Jalandhar is a city in the state of Punjab, India. ...
Gurgaon is a city in the northern Indian state of Haryana, and is being
touted as the next Singapore of India. ... Tulip Mosque in Ufa, Russia.
...
Kamboj/Kamboh as Agriculturists
The modern Kamboj are still found living chiefly by agriculture,
business and military service which were the chief professions followed
by their Kamboja ancestors some 2500 years ago as powerfully attested
by Arthashastra (11/1/04) and Brhat Samhita (5/35). Categories:
Business | Academic disciplines | School subjects ... Arthashastra is
an ancient Indian treatise on economics and politics written by king
maker Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) in the 4th century BC during
the rule of the Mauryan dynasty. ...
Numerous foreign and Indian writers have described the modern
Kambojs/Kambohs as one of the finest class of agriculturists of India.
British colonial writers like Rose and Denzil note the Kamboj and Ahir
agriculturists as the first rank husbandmen and they rate them above
the Jatts (Panjab Castes, 1974, p 149, D. Ibbetson; Glossary, II, pp 6,
442, H. A. Rose). Jatt is a caste of Sikhs who live in Punjab. ...
Col Lal Singh Kamboj, landlord from Uttar Pradesh, was the first Indian
farmer to win the prestigious Padam Shri Award for progressive farming
in 1968 from President of India.
The Kambojs have made great contributions in agriculture and military
fields. They occupy exactly the same position in general farming as the
Ramgarhias occupy in general industry. The majority of Krishi Pandit
awards in Rajasthan/India have been won by the Kamboj agriculturists
(Origin of names of Castes and Clans, 2004, Principal Sewa Singh). An
award is something given to a person or group of people to recognize
excellence in a certain field. ... Rajasthan
(राजसà¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨) is the
geographically largest state in northwestern India. ...
According to Dr M. S. Randhawa (Ex-Vice Chancellor, Panjab), the Kamboj
farmers have no equals in industry and tenacity (Out of Ashes, p 60).
Physical Charactersitics of Kamboj/Kamboh
Several foreign observers have described the modern Kambojs as very
industrious, stiff-necked, turbulent, skillful, provident and
enterprising race (Bingley, Rose) .
Some British ethnologists have described the Kambohs to be ethnically
more akin to the Afghans than any of the Hindu races among which they
have now settled for generations [The Sikhs, A. H. Bingley, p 57).
There is a medieval era Persian proverb current in north-west which
conveys that the Afghans, the Kambohs (Kamboj) and the Kashmiris... all
three are rogues .
Agar kuht-ul-riajl uftad, azeshan uns kam geeri,
Eke Afghan, doum Kamboh, seum badzat Kashmiri'.
— (Persian proverb)
This old proverb conveys the indisputable fact that in the distant
past, the Persians, the Afghans, the Kambojs/Kambohs and the Kasmiris
had been living pretty much as neighbors and were one inter-related
racial group. The Persians of Iran (which was named Persia until 1935)
are an Iranian people who speak the Farsi dialect of Persian and often
refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ... Look up Kamboh in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboh is frequently used as surname or
last name by Muslim Kambojs, currently living in Pakistan. ... This
article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of
quality. ...
'During reign of terror in India (18th/19th centurry), it was the
Kambohs (Kamboj) only who were most trusted by the rich bankers for
carrying their cash in the disguise of faqirs' (Quoted in: Glossary of
Tribes, p 444; Panjab Castes, p 149; cf: Census Report of India, 1880).
The Kambojs have been noted for their courage, tenacity and stamina for
fighting.
They (Kamboj) make excellent soldiers, being of very fine physique and
possessing great courage.....They have always been noted for their
cunning strategy, which now, being far less 'slim' than in former
times, has developed into the permissible strategy of war (The Sikhs
and the Wars: Reginald Holder: (From Panjab: Past & Present Vol IV,
Part I, 1970, S. No 7, Ed Dr Ganda Singh)) A Norwegian soldier (a
Corporal, armed with an MP-5) A soldier is a person who has enlisted
with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign
country and has undergone training and received equipment to defend
that country or its interests. ...
The modern Kamboj are generally tall, well-built, sharp featured,
generally very fair (gaura varna) race having brown, some times redish
hair, and brown or sometimes gray eye color and long sharp noses.
Kamboj women are noted for their beauty.
In ancient references also, the Kambojas have been described as very
handsome race (MBH 7/23/43). Ancient Kamboj princes have also been
noted as tall (MBH 8/56/113), exceedingly handsome (MBH, 7/92/74,
8/56/113), of gaura varna, with faces illustrious like full moon (MBH
8/56/113), lotus eyed (MBH 8/56/113), handsome like the lord-moon among
the stars (MBH 1/67/31). Even Ramayana calls the Kambojas as
'ravisanibha' i.e with faces illustrious like the Sun (Ramayana
1/55/2).
Ancient Kamboja ladies were also noted for their beauty (Hindu World, p
520, Benjamin Walker; MBH 11/25/1-8)
Kamboj in Sports
The Kamboj have made outstanding contributions in wrestling, hockey,
and Kabaddi. Jodh Singh, Natha Singh, Hazara Singh, Santa Kharasia,
Bakshisha, Chhiba, Khushal, Chanan, Maula Bakhsh etc are the few
foremost Panjabi Kamboj wrestlers of yester-years who had earned great
name and fame in wrestling. Olympian Prithipal was probably the
greatest hockey full-back of the 20th century. Known as King of
short-corner and the Mahabahu of Indian hockey, Prithi was the first
Indian to win the Arjuna Award, and later Padam Shri Award in hockey.
Rasool Akhtar, President of Pakistan Hockey Federation, is one of the
greatest hockey Olympians from Pakistan. A fifteen year old Chandita is
the most brilliant emerging roller hockey player of India. Rattan Singh
alias Rattu has been the greatest defender in freestyle Kabaddi.
Wrestling may refer to: Sport wrestling Professional wrestling
grappling This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which
lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Hockey
is any of a family of sports in which two teams compete by trying to
maneuver a hard, round ball or a puck into the opponents goal, past the
goalkeeper or goaltender (often abbreviated goalie), using a stick. ...
Kabaddi or Kabadi is a team pursuit sport, primarily played in South
Asia. ... Roller hockey is a category which includes two rollersports.
... Kabaddi or Kabadi is a team pursuit sport, primarily played in
South Asia. ...
General
The total population of this people, still calling themselves as Kamboj
(or prikritic Kamboh, or Kamoz) or Kambhoj is estimated to be around
1.5 million, rest of their population, over the time, having submerged
with other occupationalized castes/groups of the subcontinent. Look up
Kamboh in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboh is frequently used as
surname or last name by Muslim Kambojs, currently living in Pakistan.
... Kamboj is very frequently used as surname or last name by many
Kambojs, currently living in India. ...
The Kambohs, by tradition, are divided into 52 and 84 clans. 52 line is
stated to be descendants of Cadet branch and 84 from the elder Branch.
This is claimed as referring to the young and elder military divisions
under which they had fought the Bharata war.
Numerous of their clan names overlap with other Kshatriyas and the
Rajput castes of the north-west India, thereby suggesting that some of
the Rajput clans of north-west must have descended from the Ancient
Kambojas.(cf: Glossary, II, p 444, fn. iii). According to the code of
Manu, a Kshatriya is a member of the military or reigning order, one of
four varna within the Vedic system of four groups or classes. ... A
Rajput (from Sanskrit rÄja-putra, son of a king) is a member of a
prominent caste who live throughout northern and central India,
primarily in the northwestern state of Rajasthan. ... A caste system is
a rigid system of social stratification, which divides members of a
society into different castes. ...
The Kambojs/Kambohs practiced weapon-worship in the past but the
practice is now going out of vogue (Jatt Tribes of Zira, p 138;
Glossary , II, p 444
Kambojas are very ancient people of north-western parts of ancient
India, frequently mentioned in ancient texts, although not in the Rig
Veda. They are known to belong to ancient Indo-Iranian branch of the
Indo-European family. The Rig Veda ऋग्वेद (Sanskrit ṛc
praise + veda knowledge) is the earliest of the four Hindu religious
scriptures known as the Vedas. ... Indo-Iranian can refer to: The
Indo-Iranian languages The prehistoric Indo-Iranian people, see Aryan
This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other
pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies Indo-European is originally a
linguistic term, referring to the Indo-European language family. ...
The Kambojas still live as Kamboj and Kamboh in the greater Panjab and
as Kams/Kamoz and Katirs/Kamtoz of Siyaposh tribe, in the Nuristan
province of Afghanistan. Their numbers have greatly dwindled, and
currently, the total population still known by their ancient name(s) is
estimated to be about 1.5 million. Look up Kamboj in Wiktionary, the
free dictionary Kamboj is frequently used as surname or last name by
many Kambojs, currently living in India. ... Look up Kamboh in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboh is frequently used as surname or
last name by Muslim Kambojs, currently living in Pakistan. ... Punjab,
1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (sometimes spelt Panjab) is a
region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... The lower
part of the Bashgul Valley of Nurestan (Afghanistan) is known as Kam.
... The lower part of the Bashgul Valley of Nurestan (Afghanistan) is
known as Kam. ... The Siah-Posh Kafir tribal group of Kafirstan
(present Nuristan) includes five divisions or clans as under: Katirs,
Kams or Kamoz Mumans or Madugals, Kashtoz or Kashtans and Gourdesh or
Istrat. ... The Siah-Posh Kafir tribal group of Kafirstan (present
Nuristan) includes five divisions or clans as under: Katirs, Kams or
Kamoz Mumans or Madugals, Kashtoz or Kashtans and Gourdesh or Istrat.
... Siah-Posh Kafirs (or dark robed Kafirs) constitute the major
division of the Kafirs of Hindukush. ... Nurestan Province (also
spelled Nuristan) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
... This article is about political regions. ...
Contents
1 Origin & language
2 Original Home
3 Warrior Clan
4 Master Horsemen
5 Kambojas in Indian Traditions
6 The Kambojas and Alexander the Great
7 The Kambojas and the Mauryan Empire
8 Migration of Kambojas
9 Modern Kamboj and Kamboh
9.1 Kamboj/Kamboh diaspora
9.2 Kamboj/Kamboh traditions
9.3 Kamboj/Kamboh during Muslim Rule
9.4 Kamboj/Kamboh as Agriculturists
9.5 Physical Charactersitics of Kamboj/Kamboh
9.6 Kamboj in Sports
9.7 General
10 See also
Origin & language
Buddhist Jatakas, Yasaka's Nirukata, Herodotus (Book I.140), numerous
Brahmanical literature and Avestic texts indicate that ancient Kamboja
was the center of Iranian civilization. This is evident from the
Mazdean religious customs of ancient Kambojas, that is, the people of
Kamboja, as well as from the Avestic dialect they spoke. Statues of
Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind
followers to practice right living. ... The Jataka stories are a
significant body of works about the previous lives of Gautama Buddha.
... Bust of Herodotus Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek:
ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΣ, Herodotos) was an ancient historian
who lived in the 5th century BC (484 BC-ca. ... Young Indian
brahmachari Brahmin A Brahmin (less often Brahman) is a member of the
Hindu priestly caste. ... See Avesta Municipality for the Swedish town
Yasna 28. ... A civilization or civilisation has a variety of meanings
related to human society. ... From Ahura Mazda. ...
It is now widely accepted among the scholars that the Kambojas formed
Avestan speaking group of the East Iranians and were located mainly in
north-eastern parts of Afghanistan and parts of Tajikstan. Scholars
also believe that the Zoroastrian religion had originated in east Iran
in the land of the Kambojas. Yasna 28. ... The Republic of Tajikistan
(Тоҷикистон), formerly known as the Tajik Soviet Socialist
Republic, is a country in Central Asia. ... Zoroastrianism was adapted
from an earlier, polytheistic faith by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) in
Persia very roughly around 1000 BC (although, in the absence of written
records, some scholars estimates are as late as 600 BC). ...
Noted authorities like Dr Christian Lassen, Dr E. Kuhn, Dr S. Levi, Dr
M. Witzel and numerous others have traced the ethnic name Kamboja in
the royal name Kambujiya of the Old Persian Inscriptions (Cambyses of
Greeks). Kambujiya was the name of several great Persian kings of
Achaemenid line. The same name appears as C-n-b-n-z-y in Aramaic,
Kambuzia in Assyrian, Kambythet in Egyptian, Kam-bu-zi-ia in Akkadian,
Kan-bu-zi-ia in Elamite, and Kanpuziya in Susian language. Look up
Kamboja in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Cambyses II (Persian
Kambujiya (کمبوجیه), d. ... Persia or Persian most often refer
to: Persia The Persians, an ethnic group, also called Tajiks Persian
language Persian (Pokémon) See also Iranian, Iranian peoples, Iranian
languages and Aryan. ... Cambyses or Cambese is Greek version of the
name of several monarchs of Achaemenid line of ancient Persia. ...
Persia or Persian most often refer to: Persia The Persians, an ethnic
group, also called Tajiks Persian language Persian (Pokémon) See also
Iranian, Iranian peoples, Iranian languages and Aryan. ... A monarch is
a type of ruler or head of state, whose titles and ascent are often
inherited, not earned, and who represents a larger monarchical system
which has established rules and customs regarding succession, duties,
and powers. ... Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Dynasty was a dynasty
in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus II the Great, Darius I
and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of
Persia ruled over territories roughly emcompassing some parts of todays
Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon... Aramaic is a Semitic
language with a four-thousand year history. ... This article concerns
the Assyrians in northern Iraq and neighboring areas. ... Akkadian
(liÅ¡Änum akkadÄ«tum) was a Semitic language (part of the
greater Afro-Asiatic language famaily) spoken in ancient Mesopotamia,
particularly by the Assyrians and Babylonians. ... Elamite is an
extinct language, which was spoken in the ancient Elamite Empire. ...
Winged sphinx from the palace of Darius the Great at Susa. ...
Cambyses III, son of Cyrus the Great, is famous for his conquest of
Egypt (525 BCE) and the havoc he had wrought upon this country. Tomb of
Cyrus the Great in Pasargadae Cyrus II the Great (Persian: کوروش
کبیر) (about 576 - July, 529 BC) was a king of Persia, famous for
his military prowess and mercy. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th
century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s
BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s
BC Events 529 BC - Cambyses II succeeds his father Cyrus as ruler of
Persia. ...
Original Home
In ancient literature and inscriptions, the Kambojas are frequently
listed with the Gandharas, Yavanas, Madras, and Sakas etc, which tribes
are known to belong to Uttarapatha. Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath,
Kushan Period, ca. ... Yona, Yonaka or Yavana is a Pali word used in
ancient India to designate Greeks. ... Madras refers to: the Indian
city of Chennai, formerly known as Madras, the former Indian state, now
known as Tamil Nadu (Plural of Madra): Ancient people of Iranian
affinites, who lived in northwest Panjab in the Uttarapatha division of
ancient India. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a
higher standard of quality. ... Ancient Buddhist and Brahmanical texts
reveal that Uttarapatha was the name of northern division of Jambudvipa
of ancient Indian traditions. ...
The Epics, Puranas and other Sanskrit literature specifically state the
Kambojas as a tribe located in Uttarapatha or Udichya i.e northern
division. EPIC might be an acronym or abbreviation for: Electronic
Privacy Information Center Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing
Enhanced Programmable ircII Client El Paso Intelligence Center End
Poverty In California European Privatisation and Investment Corporation
Sometimes it is also used to refer to Epic Games game development
company. ... The Puranas are part of Hindu Smriti; these religious
scriptures discuss devotion and mythology. ... The Sanskrit language (
संस्कृता वाक्) is one of the earliest attested
members of the Indo-European language family and is not only a
classical language, but also an official language of India. ... Viewed
historically or developmentally, a tribe consists of a social formation
existing before the development of, or outside of, states. ... Ancient
Buddhist and Brahmanical texts reveal that Uttarapatha was the name of
northern division of Jambudvipa of ancient Indian traditions. ...
Yasaka's Nirukata (II/2) attests that verb 'shavati' in the sense 'to
go' was used by the Kambojas and only the Kambojas.
It has been proved that the modern Galcha dialects viz. Valkhi,
Shigali, Sriqoli, Jebaka (also called Sanglichi or Ishkashim), Munjani,
Yidga and Yagnobi mainly spoken in Pamirs and countries on the head
waters of Oxus still have the continuants of the ancient Kamboja
'shavati' in the sense 'to go'. The Yagnobi dialect spoken in Yagnobe
around head-waters of Zeravshan in Sogdiana also still contains relic
from ancient Kamboja 'shavati' in the sense to go. Further, the former
language of Badakshan was also a dialect of Galcha which is stated to
have been replaced by Persian in the last few centuries only
(Linguistic Survey of India, X, p 456) A dialect (from the Greek word
διάλεκτος, dialektos) is a variety of a
language used by people from a particular geographic area. ... Yagnobi
is a language spoken by abour two and a half thousand people in
Tadjikistan. ... Located in Central Asia, the Pamir Mountains are
formed by the junction of the worlds greatest mountain ranges, a
geologic structural knot from which the great Tian Shan, Karakoram,
Kunlun, and Hindu Kush mountain systems radiate. ... The Amu Darya (in
Persian آمودریا; Darya means river in Persian) rises in the
Pamirs and flows mainly north-west through the Hindu Kush,
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to join the Aral Sea in a large river
delta. ... The Zeravshan or Zarafshan river, whilst smaller and less
well-known than the two great rivers of Central Asia, the Oxus or
Amu-Darya and the Jaxartes or Syr-Darya, is if anything more valuable
as a source of irrigation in the region. ... Sogdiana (Sugdiane, O.
Pers. ... Afghanistan and of Tajikistan. ... Persian
(Ùارسی / پارسی), (local name in
Iran/Persia, Afghanistan and Tajikistan: ‘Fârsi’),
‘Pârsi’ (older local name, but still used by some
speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (another local name
in Tajikistan and Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran,
Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, western Pakistan, Bahrain, and
elsewhere. ...
The linguistic evidence combined with numerous literary and
inscriptional evidence has led many noted scholars to conclude that
ancient Kambojas originally belonged to the 'Galcha' speaking area of
Central Asia. Broadly conceived, linguistics is the study of human
language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study. ... This
article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of
quality. ...
Thus, the ancient Kamboja probably had comprised Pamirs, Badakshan and
possibly parts of Tajikstan including Yognobi region in the doab of
Oxus of Central Asia. On the east it was bounded roughly by Yarkand
and/or Kashgar, on west by Bahlika (Uttaramadras), on the northwest by
Sogdianas, on the north by Uttarakurus, on the southeast by Daradas and
on the south by Gandharas. Located in Central Asia, the Pamir Mountains
are formed by the junction of the worlds greatest mountain ranges, a
geologic structural knot from which the great Tian Shan, Karakoram,
Kunlun, and Hindu Kush mountain systems radiate. ... Afghanistan and of
Tajikistan. ... The Republic of Tajikistan (Тоҷикистон),
formerly known as the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, is a country in
Central Asia. ... A Doab, meaning two waters is a term used in India
and Pakistan for a tract of land between two confluent rivers. ... The
Amu Darya (in Persian آمودریا; Darya means river in Persian)
rises in the Pamirs and flows mainly north-west through the Hindu Kush,
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan to join the Aral Sea in a large river
delta. ... Yarkand (modern Chinese name 叶城, pinyin ye cheng, also
Chokkuka, anciently Suoju 莎車 (also written Shache and Suoche), was
an ancient Buddhist kingdom located between Pishan and Kashgar on the
branch of the Silk Road that ran along the southern edge of the
Taklamakan desert in the Tarim Basin. ... Kashgar, (Uyghur:
قەشقەر/KÌ¢ÇxkÌ¢Çr; Chinese:
喀什; Pinyin: , 39°28′ N 76°03′ E), is an
oasis city in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of the Peoples
Republic of China. ... The Uttaramadra was the northern branch of the
Madra people who are numerously referenced in ancient Sanskrit and Pali
literature. ... Sogdiana (Sugdiane, O. Pers. ... Uttarakuru was the
name of ancient country and its people as numerously referenced in
ancient Vedic, Brahmanical and the Buddhist texts and numerous other
ancient Sanskrit texts. ... Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath, Kushan
Period, ca. ...
Later, some sections of the Kambojas had crossed Hindukush and planted
Kamboja colonies in Paropamisadae and as far as Rajauri. The Hindu Kush
or Hindukush (هندوکش in Persian) is a mountain range in
Afghanistan as well as in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... The
Paropamisadae is an ancient area of the Hindu-Kush, in the Eastern part
of Afghanistan. ...
This view is fully supported from Mahabharata (2/27/23-25) which
specifically draws our attention to the Kambojas in the cis-Hindukush
region as neighbors to the Daradas, and the Parama-Kambojas across the
Hindukush as neighbors to the Rishikas (or Tukharas) of
Ferghana/Sogdiana. The Mahabharata (Devanagari:
महाà¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤, phonetically
MahÄbhÄrata - see note), sometimes just called Bharata, is one of
the two major ancient Sanskrit epics of India, the other being the
Ramayana. ... Ancient Sanskrit literature reveals that like the
Madras/Uttara Madras and the Kurus/Uttara Kurus, the ancient Kambojas
also had, at least two settlements. ... The Hindu Kush or Hindukush
(هندوکش in Persian) is a mountain range in Afghanistan as well as
in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. ... There is mention of Rishikas in
the Mahabharata, Brhat Samhita, Markendeya Purana and Ramayana etc. ...
Fergana is a city in the Fergana Valley, capital of the Fargona
Viloyati of Uzbekistan. ... Sogdiana (Sugdiane, O. Pers. ...
The two separate Kamboja settlements are also substantiated from
Ptolemy's Geography which references a geographical term 'Tambyzoi'
located on river Oxus in Badakshan and an 'Ambautai' people living on
southern side of Hindukush in the Paropamisadae. Scholars have
identified Ptolemian Tambyzoi and Ambautai with Sanskrit Kamboja.
Claudius Ptolemaeus, given contemporary German styling, in a 16th
century engraved book frontispiece . Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek:
ΚλαÏδιος Î
τολεμαῖος; ca. ... Afghanistan and of
Tajikistan. ...
Yidga sub-dialect of Galcha Munjani is still spoken on southern sides
of Hindukush in Paropamisadae which further strengthens the view that
Kambojas did move to southern side of Hindukush. The Paropamisadae is
an ancient area of the Hindu-Kush, in the Eastern part of Afghanistan.
...
With time, the trans-Hindukush Kambojas remained essentially Iranian in
culture and religion, while those in the cis-Hindukush region came
under Indian cultural influence. This probably is the reason as to why
the ancient Kambojas are attested to have both Indian as well as
Iranian affinities.
Still later, some sections of the Kambojas had moved further to
Arachosia which fact is attested from the Aramaic version of
Greco-Aramaic inscriptions of king Ashoka found in Kandahar. Arachosia
is the ancient name of an area that corresponds to the southern part of
today s Afghanistan, around the city of Kandahar. ... Please see Ashoka
(disambiguation) for other uses of the word Ashoka Ashoka the Great
(also Asoka, Aśoka, pronounced Ashok, even though there is an a at
the end) was the ruler of the Mauryan empire from 273 BC to 232 BC. A
convert to Buddhism, Ashoka reigned over most... KandahÄr (or
QandahÄr) is a city in southern Afghanistan, the capital of Kandahar
province. ...
Some scholars have identified original Kamboja with Arachosia, which
view does not seem to be correct.
Warrior Clan
In India, the Kambojas seem to have belonged to the Kshatriya caste of
the Indo-Aryan Society. According to the code of Manu, a Kshatriya is a
member of the military or reigning order, one of four varna within the
Vedic system of four groups or classes. ...
The earliest and most powerful reference endorsing the Kshatriyahood of
the Kambojas is Panini's fifth century BCE Ashtadhyayi. Panini refers
to the Kamboja Janapada and mentions it as one of the fifteen powerful
Kshatriya Janapadas of his times, inhabited and ruled by Kamboja
Kshatriyas (Ashtadhyayi, 4.1.168-175). The title given to this article
is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... The Ashtadhyayi
(Ạṣtādhyāyī, meaning eight chapters) is the earliest known
grammar of Sanskrit, and one of the first works on descriptive
linguistics, generative linguistics, or linguistics altogether. ... The
political process among the ancient Aryans appears to have originally
started with semi-nomadic tribal units called Jana (Sanskrit: Jana =
tribe). ... According to the code of Manu, a Kshatriya is a member of
the military or reigning order, one of four varna within the Vedic
system of four groups or classes. ...
The Harivamsa attests that the clans of Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas,
Pahlavas etc were formerly Kshatriyas. It was king Sagara who had
deprived the Kambojas and other allied tribes from their Kshatiyahood
(Harivamsa 14/19) and forbidden them to perform Svadhyayas and
Vasatkaras (Harivamsa, 14/17).
Harivamsa also calls this group of Sakas, Kambojas, Yavanas, Pahlavas
and Paradas as Kshatriya-pungava i.e foremost among the Kshatriyas.
Manusmriti attests that the Kambojas, Sakas, Yavanas etc were
originally noble Kshatriyas but were gradually degraded to the status
of Sudras on account of their omission of the sacred rites and of their
not consulting the Brahmanas (X/43-44). The Manu Smriti or Laws of
Manu, is one of the eighteen Smritis of the Dharma Sastra (or laws of
righteous conduct), written c. ... Shudra, or Sudra, is the fourth
caste, or varna, in the traditional four-caste division among Indian
castes. ...
The Mahabharata also specifically notes that the Kambojas, Sakas,
Yavanas, Pahlavas etc were originally noble Kshatriyas but later got
degraded to barbaric status due to their neglect of the Brahmanas (MBH
13/33/31-32). The Mahabharata (Devanagari:
महाà¤à¤¾à¤°à¤¤, phonetically
MahÄbhÄrata - see note), sometimes just called Bharata, is one of
the two major ancient Sanskrit epics of India, the other being the
Ramayana. ...
Arthashastra of Kautiliya (11/1/04) attests Kshatriya Shrenis
(Corporations of Warriors) of the Kambojas, Surashtras and some other
nations and notes them as living by agriculture, trade and warfare.
Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on economics and politics
written by king maker Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) in the 4th
century BC during the rule of the Mauryan dynasty. ... ... A warrior is
a person habitually engaged in combat. ... Saurashtra in between Gulf
of Kutch and Gulf of Khambat. ...
The legend of Daivi Khadga or Divine Sword detailed in Shantiparva of
Mahabharata (12/166/1-81) also powerfully endorses the Kshatriyahood of
the Kambojas. The sword, as a symbol of Kshatriyahood was wrested by
warrior king Kamboja from Kosala king Kuvalashava alias Dhundhumara,
from whom it went to a Yavana king Muchukunda (MBH 12/166/77-78).
Daniel Is not a very good example of a legend For other senses of this
word, see legend (disambiguation). ... The legend of Mahabharata sword
appears in the Shantiparva of Mahabharata. ... The legend of
Mahabharata sword appears in the Shantiparva of Mahabharata. ... A
warrior is a person habitually engaged in combat. ... Epic Mahabharata
refers to a king or warrior whom it calls Kamboja. ... Kosala was an
ancient Indian kingdom, corresponding roughly in area with the region
of Oudh. ... Yona, Yonaka or Yavana is a Pali word used in ancient
India to designate Greeks. ...
Bhagavata Purana (2.7.35) references a king of Kambojas and calls him
as powerfully armed mighty warrior (samiti-salina atta-capah Kamboja).
The Bhagavata Purana (sometimes rendered as Bhagavatha Purana), also
known as the Srimad Bhagavatam, written c. ...
Kalika Purana (20/40) refers to a war between Buddhist king Kali
(Maurya Brihadratha) and Brahmanical king Kalika (Pusyamitra Sunga)
where the Kambojas came as military supporters to Maurya king
Brihadratha (187-180) BCE. The Purana notes the Kamboja warriors as
(Kambojai...bhimavikramaih) i.e the Kambojas of terrific military
prowess, which again endorses the Kshatriyahood of the Kambojas. The
Kalika Purana is one of the eighteen Upapuranas. ... Chandragupta
Maurya (ruled 322–298 BC), known to the Greeks as Sandracottus, was
the first emperor of the Mauryan empire. ... Brhadrata was the last
ruler of the Indian Mauryan dynasty. ... Pusyamitra Sunga (also
Pushyamitra Shunga) was the founder of the Indian Sunga dynasty (185-78
BCE). ...
There are more such-like references in the Puranas, Mahabharata,
Ramayana and other ancient Sanskrit and Pali literature which further
document the Kshatriyahood of the Kambojas. Lord Ram, Laxman, Sita and
Hanuman(crouching) The Ramayana (Sanskrit: march (ayana) of Rama) is
part of the Hindu smriti, written by Valmiki. ... The Sanskrit language
( संस्कृता वाक्) is one of the earliest
attested members of the Indo-European language family and is not only a
classical language, but also an official language of India. ... . Pāli
(ISO 639-1: pi; ISO 639-2: pli) is a Middle Indo-Aryan dialect or
prakrit. ...
Master Horsemen
The horses of the Kambojas were famous through out all periods of
ancient history. Ancient literature is overflowing with excellent
references to the famed Kamboja horses. The Puranas, the Epics, Ancient
Sanskrit plays, the Buddhist Jatakas, the Jaina Canon and numerous
other ancient sources, all agree that the horses of the Kambojas were a
foremost breed. The Puranas (Sanskrit purÄṇá ancient, since
they focus on ancient history of the universe) are part of Hindu
Smriti; these religious scriptures discuss varied topics like devotion
to God in his various aspects, traditional sciences like Ayurveda,
Jyotish, cosmology, concepts like dharma, karma, reincarnation and many
others. ... EPIC might be an acronym or abbreviation for: Electronic
Privacy Information Center Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing
Enhanced Programmable ircII Client El Paso Intelligence Center End
Poverty In California European Privatisation and Investment Corporation
Sometimes it is also used to refer to Epic Games game development
company. ... The Jatakas form a part of Buddhist canonical literature.
... The hand with a wheel on the palm symbolizes the Jain Vow of
Ahinsa, meaning non-injury and nonviolence. ... Canon (the Latin form
of the Greek kanon, rule) can mean: In religion: Canon law, all
legislation adopted by an ecumenical council of the Catholic or Eastern
Orthodox churches. ...
Horse cultureIn Buddhist texts like Manorathpurani, Kunala Jataka and
Samangavilasini, the Kamboja land is spoken of as the 'birth place of
horses' (Kambojo assánam áyatanam.... Samangalavilasini, I, p 124).
Public domain picture from U.S. Bureau of Land Management This image
has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its
copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Public
domain picture from U.S. Bureau of Land Management This image has been
released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright
has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Aruppa-Niddesa of Visuddhimagga of Buddhaghosa states the Kamboja as
the 'base of horses' (10/28). Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa was a 5th
century Indian Theravadin Buddhist commentator and scholar. ...
Jaina Canon Uttaradhyana-Sutra (11/16) tells us that a trained Kamboja
horse exceeded all other horses in speed and no noise could ever
frighten it. The hand with a wheel on the palm symbolizes the Jain Vow
of Ahinsa, meaning non-injury and nonviolence. ... Canon (the Latin
form of the Greek kanon, rule) can mean: In religion: Canon law, all
legislation adopted by an ecumenical council of the Catholic or Eastern
Orthodox churches. ...
Bhishamaparva of Mahabharata (6/90/3-4) lists best horses from various
lands, but places the steeds from the Kamboja at the head of the list,
and specifically designates them as the leaders among the best horses
(Kamboja....mukhyanam).
In the great battle fought on the field of Kurukshetra, the fast and
powerful steeds of Kamboja were of greatest service ( Dr B. C. Law).
Kurukshetra may refer to: The Kurukshetra war described in the
Mahabharata, an Indian epic The town and district of Kurukshetra in the
Indian state of Haryana This is a disambiguation page — a
navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same
title. ...
Ramayana (1/6/22), Kautiliya's Arthashastra (2/30/32-34), Brahmanda
Purana (II,2.16.16), Somes'ara's Manasollasa (4.4.715-30),
Ashva.Chakitsata by Nakula (p 415), Raghuvamsha (4/70) and Mandakraanta
of Kalidasa, Karanabhaar(19) of Bhaasa, Vamsa-Bhaskara, Madhypithika
and numerous other ancient texts and inscriptions make highly laudatory
references to Kamboja horses and state them the finest breed. Lord Ram,
Laxman, Sita and Hanuman(crouching) The Ramayana (Sanskrit: march
(ayana) of Rama) is part of the Hindu smriti, written by Valmiki. ...
... Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on economics and
politics written by king maker Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) in the
4th century BC during the rule of the Mauryan dynasty. ... Kalidasas
Raghuvamsha tells of the family of Rama and his descendents, including
the conqueror Raghu. ... Kalidasa (कािलदास) is arguably
Indias greatest Sanskrit poet and dramatist, his title Kavikulaguru
(Preceptor of All Poets) bearing testimony to his stature. ...
Vishnuvardhana, the real founder of Hoysala greatness, who later on
became ruler of Mysore had the Kamboja horses and he had made the earth
tremble under the tramp of his powerful Kamboja horses. Mysore is the
second largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka. ...
These references amply demonstrate that the Kamboja horses were sleek,
very powerful and a foremost breed. They have been especially noted for
their great fleetness and remarkable behavior in the battle field.
No doubt, the Kamboja steeds had been the prized possession of the
kings and the warriors in ancient times. A warrior is a person
habitually engaged in combat. ...
It was on account of their supreme position in horse (Ashva) culture
that the ancient Kambojas were also popularly known as Ashvakas i.e.
horsemen. Their clans in Kunar/Swat valleys have been referred to as
Assakenois and Aspasios in classical writings and Ashvakayanas and
Ashvayanas in Panini's Ashtadhyayi. Cultural studies developed in the
late 20th century, in part through the re-introduction of Marxist
thought into sociology, and in part through the articulation of
sociology and other academic disciplines such as literary criticism.
... The Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ...
Kunar province is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan,
located in the northeastern part of the country and on the border with
Pakistan. ... SWAT officers SWAT (an acronym for Special Weapons and
Tactics; originally Special Weapons Attack Team) is a specialized
paramilitary police unit in major United States city police
departments, which is trained to perform dangerous operations. ...
Fljótsdalur in East-Iceland A valley is a landform, which can range
from a few square miles (square kilometers) to hundreds or even
thousands of square miles (square kilometers) in area. ... The Ashvakas
are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ... The Ashvakas are
very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ... The word classical
has several meanings: Pertaining to the societies of the classical
antiquity, ancient Greece or Rome. ... The Ashvakas are very ancient
people of north-east Afghanistan. ... The Ashvakas are very ancient
people of north-east Afghanistan. ... Panini can refer to:
PÄṇini, the 5th century BC Sanskrit grammarian Panini
(sandwich), a type of Italian sandwich Panini (stickers), a brand of
collectible stickers Giovanni Paolo Panini, an Italian artist This is a
disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that
might otherwise share the same title. ... The Ashtadhyayi
(Ạṣtādhyāyī, meaning eight chapters) is the earliest known
grammar of Sanskrit, and one of the first works on descriptive
linguistics, generative linguistics, or linguistics altogether. ...
Mahabharata specifically refers to the Kambojas as Ashva-Yudha-Kushalah
i.e expert cavalrymen (MBH 12/101/5).
Dronaparva highly applauds the Kamboja cavalry, and states it as
extremely fast and fleet (Kambojah... yayur.ashvair.mahavegaih...MBH
7/7/14). Italian cavalry officers practice their horsemanship in 1904
outside Rome. ...
The Mahabharata, Ramayana, numerous Puranas and some foreign sources
amply attest that the Kamboja cavalry-troopers were frequently
requisitioned in ancient wars [1].
Therefore, there is no exaggeration in the Mahabharata statement
portraying the ancient Kambojas as horse-lords and masters of
horsemanship.
Kambojas in Indian Traditions
See Kambojas in Indian Traditions Kambojas find repeated reference in
ancient Sanskrit and Pali literature including Atharvaveda, Paninis
Ashtadhyayi, Yasakas Nirukata, Mahabharata, Ramayana, numerous Puranas,
Kautiliyas Arthashastra, Buddhist Jatakas, Jaina Canons, several
Sanskrit plays and numerous other ancient texts. ...
The Kambojas and Alexander the Great
As the Kambojas were famous for their horses (ashva) and as a
cavalry-men (ashvaka), the Ashvakas i.e. horsemen was also the term
popularly applied to them. These Ashvakas inhabited Eastern Afghanistan
and were included in the general term Kambojas (Dr K. P. Jayswal; Dr.
Raychaudhury, Dr B. N. Mukherjee; Dr Singh, Dr L.M. Joshi etc). The
Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ... The
Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ...
French scholars like Dr E. Lamotte also identify the Ashvakas with the
Kambojas (Histoire du Bouddhisme Indien, p 110, E. Lamotte).
Bust of Alexander III in the British Museum.The Kambojas entered into
conflict with Alexander the Great as he invaded Central Asia: " The
Macedonian conqueror made short shrifts of the arrangements of Darius
and over-running Achaemenid Empire, dashed into Afghanistan and
encountered stiff resistance of the Kamboja tribes called Aspasios and
Assakenois known in the Indian texts as Ashvayana and Ashvakayana "
(Panjab Past and Present, pp 9-10; History of Porus, pp 12, 38, Dr
Buddha Parkash) Download high resolution version (768x1062, 127 KB)Copy
of a Greek (near contemporary?) bust of Alexander the Great in the
British Museum. ... Download high resolution version (768x1062, 127
KB)Copy of a Greek (near contemporary?) bust of Alexander the Great in
the British Museum. ... A bust is bust: a sculpture depicting a persons
chest, shoulders, and head, usually supported by a stand. ... The main
entrance to the British Museum The British Museum in London is the
United Kingdoms - and one of the worlds - largest and most important
museums of human history and culture. ... Alexander the Great fighting
the Persian king Darius (Pompeii mosaic, from a 3rd century BC original
Greek painting, now lost). ... Darius was the name of three kings of
ancient Persia: Darius the Great or Darius I of Persia. ... Achaemenid
empire in its greatest extent The Achaemenid Dynasty (Hakamanishiya in
the Avestan language, هخامنشی - transliterated
Hakamanshee in Modern Persian) was an Iranian dynasty in the ancient
Persian Empire, including Darius the Great and Xerxes I. At the height
of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories
roughly...
These Ashvayana and Ashvakayana Kamboj clans had fought the invader to
a man. When worst came to worst, even the Ashvakayan Kamboj women had
taken up arms and joined their fighting husbands, thus preferring 'a
glorious death to a life of dishonor' (Diodorus in McCrindle, p 270).
The Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ... The
Ashvakas are very ancient people of north-east Afghanistan. ...
The Ashvakas had fielded 30,000 strong cavalry, 30 elephants and 20,000
infantry against Alexander
The Ashvayans (Kambojas) were also a good cattle breeders and
agriculturists. This is clear from big number of the bullocks, 230,000
according to Arrian, of a size and shape superior to what the
Macedonians had not known, which Alexander captured from them and
decided to send them to Macedonia for agriculture (History of Panjab,
I, p 226). Lucius Flavius Arrianus Xenophon (c 92-c 175), known in
English as Arrian, was a Roman historian. ...
According to one line of scholars, name Afghan has evidently been
derived from Ashvakan, the Assakenoi of Arrian. (C. Lassen, J. W.
McCrindle, Saan Martin, Phillip Smith etc).
The Kambojas and the Mauryan Empire
The Mudrarakshas play of Visakhadutta as well as the Jain works
Parisishtaparvan refers to Chandragupta's alliance with Himalayan king
Parvatka. The Himalyan alliance gave Chandragupta a composite army made
up of Yavanas, Kambojas, Sakas, Kiratas, Parasikas and Bahlikas
(Bactrian]]s (Mudrarakshas, II). This article deals with the fourth
century BC founder of the Maurya dynasty. ... Yona, Yonaka or Yavana is
a Pali word used in ancient India to designate Greeks. ... This article
needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The Persians of Iran (which was named Persia until 1935) are an Iranian
people who speak the Farsi dialect of Persian and often refer to
themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ...
With the help of these frontier martial tribes from the north-west,
Chandragupta was able to defeat the Greek successors of Alexander the
Great as well as the Nanda rulers of Magadha and succeeded in founding
the Maurya Empire in northern India. Alexander the Great fighting the
Persian king Darius (Pompeii mosaic, from a 3rd century BC original
Greek painting, now lost). ... Nanda dynasty was established by an
illegitimate son of the king Mahanandin of the previous Shishunaga
dynasty. ... Chandragupta Maurya (ruled 322–298 BC), known to the
Greeks as Sandracottus, was the first emperor of the Mauryan empire.
...
The Kambojas find prominent mention as a unit in the 3rd century BCE
Edicts of Ashoka. The Rock Edict XIII tells us that the Kambojas had
enjoyed autonomy under Mauryas. The republics mentioned in Rock Edict V
are Yonas, Kambojas, Gandharas, Nabhakas and the Nabhapamkitas. They
are designated as 'araja vishaya' in Rock Edict XIII which shows that
they were kingless i.e Republican units. In other words, the Kambojas
formed a self-governing political unit under the Maurya Emperors. The
Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of
Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka
of the Mauryan dynasty during his reign from 272 to 231 BCE. These
inscriptions are dispersed throughout the areas of modern-day
Pakistan... Yona, Yonaka or Yavana are Pali words used in ancient India
to designate Greeks. ... Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath, Kushan
Period, ca. ...
King Ashoka had sent missionaries to the Kambojas to convert them to
Buddhism and has recorded this fact in his Rock Edict V. Please see
Ashoka (disambiguation) for other uses of the word Ashoka Ashoka the
Great (also Asoka, Aśoka, pronounced Ashok, even though there is an
a at the end) was the ruler of the Mauryan empire from 273 BC to 232
BC. A convert to Buddhism, Ashoka reigned over most... A replica of an
ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is
a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha,
SiddhÄrtha Gautama, who lived between approximately 566 and 486 BCE.
Originating in India, Buddhism gradually spread throughout Asia to
Central Asia...
Dipavamsa and Mahavamsa attest that Ashoka had sent thera Maharakkhita
to Yona and Majjhantika to Kashmra and Gandhara to preach Dharma among
Yonas, Gandharas and Kambojas. The Mahavamsa (Pali: “Great
Chronicle”) is an important non-canonical Buddhist historical text
compiled in Sri Lanka in the 6th century CE , in the Pali language. ...
Yona, Yonaka or Yavana are Pali words used in ancient India to
designate Greeks. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to
a higher standard of quality. ... Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath,
Kushan Period, ca. ... Yona, Yonaka or Yavana are Pali words used in
ancient India to designate Greeks. ...
Sasanavamsa specifically attests that Maharakkhita thera went to Yonaka
country and established Buddha's Sasana in the lands of the Kambojas
and other countries (Sasanavamsa (P.T.S.), p 49) Yona, Yonaka or Yavana
is a Pali word used in ancient India to designate Greeks. ...
Thus, the Zoroastrian as well as the Brahmanised Hindu Kambojas appear
to have embraced Buddhism in large numbers due to the efforts of king
Ashoka and his envoys. Zoroastrianism was adapted from an earlier,
polytheistic faith by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) in Persia very roughly
around 1000 BC (although, in the absence of written records, some
scholars estimates are as late as 600 BC). ... A Hindu is an adherent
of Hinduism, the predominant religious, philosophical and cultural
system of India (Bharat). ...
See also: Edicts of Ashoka The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33
inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave
walls, made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during his
reign from 272 to 231 BCE. These inscriptions are dispersed throughout
the areas of modern-day Pakistan...
Migration of Kambojas
See Migration of Kambojas Maximum extent of the yavana Indo-Greek
territory circa 175 BCE. References to Kambojas abound in ancient
literature, and this may have been just the expansion of an
Indo-European tribe with both Persian and Indic affinities from their
homeland in the Afghanistan-Turkistan region along the foothills of
the...
Modern Kamboj and Kamboh
Kamboj/Kamboh diaspora
The Kamboj or Kamboh living in upper India (Greater Panjab) are
identified as the modern representatives of the ancient Kambojas. They
are found as Hindus, Sikhs, Muslims, Buddhists and the Jains. Look up
Kamboj in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboj is frequently used as
surname or last name by many Kambojs, currently living in India. ...
Look up Kamboh in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboh is frequently
used as surname or last name by Muslim Kambojs, currently living in
Pakistan. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab (Meaning:
Land of five Rivers) (also Panjab, Gurmukhi:
ਪੰਜਾਬ, Devanagari:
पंजाब, Shahmukhi: پنجاب) is a
region straddling the border between India and Pakistan. ... A Hindu is
an adherent of Hinduism, the predominant religious, philosophical and
cultural system of India (Bharat). ... A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism,
a religious faith originating in the Punjab. ... A Muslim (Arabic:
مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... Statues of Buddha
such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers
to practice right living. ... The hand with a wheel on the palm
symbolizes the Jain Vow of Ahinsa, meaning non-injury and nonviolence.
...
The Tajiks, Siyaposh tribe (Kam/Kamoz, Katir/Kamtoz) of Nuristan,
Yashkuns and the Yusufzais of Eastern Afghanistan and NWFP of Pakistan
are said by various scholars to have descended from the ancient
Kambojas. It has been suggested that Tajik (China) be merged into this
article or section. ... Siah-Posh Kafirs (or dark robed Kafirs)
constitute the major division of the Kafirs of Hindukush. ... The lower
part of the Bashgul Valley of Nurestan (Afghanistan) is known as Kam.
... The lower part of the Bashgul Valley of Nurestan (Afghanistan) is
known as Kam. ... The Siah-Posh Kafir denomination includes the five
sub-tribes (1) Kaitrs, (2) Kams or Kamoz (3) Mumans or Madugals, (4)
Kashtoz or Kashtans and (5) Gourdesh or Istrat. ... The Siah-Posh Kafir
tribal group of Kafirstan (present Nuristan) includes five divisions or
clans as under: Katirs, Kams or Kamoz Mumans or Madugals, Kashtoz or
Kashtans and Gourdesh or Istrat. ... Nurestan Province (also spelled
Nuristan) is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan. ... The
Yousafzai is the smallest ethnic Afghan/Pashtun tribe and largest in
NWFP of Pakistan. ...
Kambojs are known as adventurous and enterprising people. Therefore, as
a colonists, Servicemen, and businessmen, they have also spread, after
the partion, into various parts of India, including Uttar Pradesh,
Ganganagar in Rajasthan, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh. A minuscule agrarian
community called Kambhoj is stated to be living since olden times in
Maharashtra, which may have descended from those Kambojas who had
settled in South-West India around Christian era. This article refers
to a colony in politics and history. ... A Norwegian soldier (a
Corporal, armed with an MP-5) A soldier is a person who has enlisted
with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign
country and has undergone training and received equipment to defend
that country or its interests. ... Set out below is an annotated
listing of corporate leaders, who are or have been the head of large or
successful business enterprises, or who are otherwise well known for
their commercial acumen, listed alphabetically by last name. ... Uttar
Pradesh (Hindi: उतà¥à¤¤à¤°
पà¥à¤°à¤¦à¥‡à¤¶, Urdu: اتر
پردیش), also popularly known by its acronym UP, is the
fifth largest and the most populous state in India. ... Rajasthan
(राजसà¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨) is the
geographically largest state in northwestern India. ... This article
deals with the city of Delhi. ... Madhya Pradesh
(मधà¥à¤¯ पà¥à¤°à¤¦à¥‡à¤¶) is a
state in central India. ... Agrarian has two meanings: It can mean
pertaining to Agriculture It can also refer to the ideology of
Agrarianism and Agrarian parties. ... A community is an amalgamation of
living things that share an environment. ... Kamboj is very frequently
used as surname or last name by many Kambojs, currently living in
India. ... Maharashtra
(महाराषà¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤°) is
Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms
of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... A Christian is a follower of
Jesus of Nazareth. ... ERA is an abbreviation for several different
things, including: the Equal Rights Amendment, a proposed, but
unratified, Constitutional amendment in United States Earned run
average, a baseball statistic Engine Room Artificer Education Reform
Act Engineering Research Associates, a pioneering computer firm from
the 1950s Academy of European Law Trier Explosive...
Kamboj/Kamboh traditions
The Kambohs are stated to be the ancient inhabitants of Persia (Denzil
Ibbetson, H. A. Rose, S. S. Gill, Chaudhri Wahhab Ud-Din). ...
The Sikh Kamboj of Kapurthala & Jullundur (Panjab) claim descent from
Raja Karan. They also have a tradition that their ancestors came from
Kashmir. A Sikh man wearing a turban A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism, a
religious faith originating in the Punjab. ... Sainik School,
Kapurthala Kapurthala is a city in Punjab state of India. ... small
alley in Jalandhar, close to the fish-market rikshaws with bananas in
Jalandhar, close to the fish-market // Jalandhar is a city in the state
of Punjab, India. ... Punjab, 1903 Punjab Province, 1909 The Punjab
(sometimes spelt Panjab) is a region straddling the border between
India and Pakistan. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform
to a higher standard of quality. ...
Hindu Kambohs claim to be related to the Rajputs and to have come from
Persia through southern Afghanistan. The Kambohs of Bijnor claim to
have come from Trans-Indus country and Mr Purser accepts this as
evidently true. The Hindu Kambohs from Karnal claim their origin from
Garh-Gazni (Afghanistan). Their Pandits still pronounce the following
couplet at the phera during their marriage ceremony to give information
about their original home: A Hindu is an adherent of Hinduism, the
predominant religious, philosophical and cultural system of India
(Bharat). ... A Rajput (from Sanskrit rÄja-putra, son of a king) is
a member of a prominent caste who live throughout northern and central
India, primarily in the northwestern state of Rajasthan. ... The
Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic
dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... Bijnor,
variously spelt as Bijnaur and Bijnour, is a town, which is the
district headquarters of Bijnor district of Uttar Pradesh state, India.
...
Garh Gazni Nikaas, Lachhoti Ghaggar vaas.
Translation:
Originated from the fort of Gazni, and settled down in Ghaggar region
(Panjab). Minaret, July 2001 Ghazni is a city in central Afghanistan,
situated on a plateau at 7280 feet above sea level. ...
Muslim Kambohs have a tradition that they descended from ancient Kai
dynasty of Persia, to which the emperors Kaikaus, Kaikhusro, Kaikubad,
Kai-lehrashab and Darius all belonged. On the last king of the dynasty
having been dethroned, and expelled from the country, he wandered about
some time with his family and dependents in the neighboring countries
and finally settled in Panjab (H. A. Rose, A. H. Bingley, H. M. Elliot,
Dr G. S. Mansukhani, R. C. Dogra, etc). A Muslim (Arabic:
مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... A dynasty is a family
or extended family which retains political power across generations, or
more generally, any organization which extends dominance in its field
even as its particular members change. ... The Persian Empire is the
name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled
the country of Persia (Iran). ... Darius was the name of three kings of
ancient Persia: Darius the Great or Darius I of Persia. ...
Kamboj/Kamboh during Muslim Rule
Muslim Kambohs/Kambojs were very influential and powerful in the early
days of Moghul rule. General Shahbaz Khan Kamboh was the most trusted
general of Akbar. Sheikh Gadai Kamboh was the Sadar-i-Jahan in Akbar's
reign (Akbar Nama, Abu-L-Fazl, Trans H. Blochman, p 122). Numerous
other Kamboj are known to have occupied very key civil and military
positions during Lodhi, Pathan and the Moghul reign in India. A Muslim
(Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... The Mughal
Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word
Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim
Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...
General is a military rank used by nearly every country in the world.
... Jalauddin Akbar Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbár, (alternative
spellings include Jellaladin) also known as Akbar the Great
(Akbar-e-Azam) (October 15, 1542 – 1605) was the ruler of the
Mughal Empire from the time of his accession in 1556 until 1605. ...
The Sayyids and the Kambohs from among the Indian Muslims were
specially favored for high military and civil positions during Moghul
rule (The composition of the Mughal nobility, Concise Encyclopedia
Britannica, Online; The Mughal Nobility Under Aurangzeb, 2002, p 21, M.
Athar Ali; Cultural History of India, 1975, p 261, A. L. Basham).
Sayyid (Arabic: سید also rendered as Sayed, in Malaysia and
South Asia, also Syed, or Saiyed) is an honorific title often given to
descendants of Muhammad through his grandsons, Hussain and Hassan. ...
A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم) is an adherent of Islam. ... The
Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the
word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated
Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of
Panipat. ... The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their
Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the Windows of the Lodge of
the Heralds. ...
The Kambohs held Nakodar in Jullundur and Sohna in Gurgaon some
centuries ago; and the tombs and mosques that they have left in Sohna
show that they must have enjoyed considerable position (H. A. Rose; D.
Ibbetson). Nakodar. ... small alley in Jalandhar, close to the
fish-market rikshaws with bananas in Jalandhar, close to the
fish-market // Jalandhar is a city in the state of Punjab, India. ...
Gurgaon is a city in the northern Indian state of Haryana, and is being
touted as the next Singapore of India. ... Tulip Mosque in Ufa, Russia.
...
Kamboj/Kamboh as Agriculturists
The modern Kamboj are still found living chiefly by agriculture,
business and military service which were the chief professions followed
by their Kamboja ancestors some 2500 years ago as powerfully attested
by Arthashastra (11/1/04) and Brhat Samhita (5/35). Categories:
Business | Academic disciplines | School subjects ... Arthashastra is
an ancient Indian treatise on economics and politics written by king
maker Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) in the 4th century BC during
the rule of the Mauryan dynasty. ...
Numerous foreign and Indian writers have described the modern
Kambojs/Kambohs as one of the finest class of agriculturists of India.
British colonial writers like Rose and Denzil note the Kamboj and Ahir
agriculturists as the first rank husbandmen and they rate them above
the Jatts (Panjab Castes, 1974, p 149, D. Ibbetson; Glossary, II, pp 6,
442, H. A. Rose). Jatt is a caste of Sikhs who live in Punjab. ...
Col Lal Singh Kamboj, landlord from Uttar Pradesh, was the first Indian
farmer to win the prestigious Padam Shri Award for progressive farming
in 1968 from President of India.
The Kambojs have made great contributions in agriculture and military
fields. They occupy exactly the same position in general farming as the
Ramgarhias occupy in general industry. The majority of Krishi Pandit
awards in Rajasthan/India have been won by the Kamboj agriculturists
(Origin of names of Castes and Clans, 2004, Principal Sewa Singh). An
award is something given to a person or group of people to recognize
excellence in a certain field. ... Rajasthan
(राजसà¥à¤¥à¤¾à¤¨) is the
geographically largest state in northwestern India. ...
According to Dr M. S. Randhawa (Ex-Vice Chancellor, Panjab), the Kamboj
farmers have no equals in industry and tenacity (Out of Ashes, p 60).
Physical Charactersitics of Kamboj/Kamboh
Several foreign observers have described the modern Kambojs as very
industrious, stiff-necked, turbulent, skillful, provident and
enterprising race (Bingley, Rose) .
Some British ethnologists have described the Kambohs to be ethnically
more akin to the Afghans than any of the Hindu races among which they
have now settled for generations [The Sikhs, A. H. Bingley, p 57).
There is a medieval era Persian proverb current in north-west which
conveys that the Afghans, the Kambohs (Kamboj) and the Kashmiris... all
three are rogues .
Agar kuht-ul-riajl uftad, azeshan uns kam geeri,
Eke Afghan, doum Kamboh, seum badzat Kashmiri'.
— (Persian proverb)
This old proverb conveys the indisputable fact that in the distant
past, the Persians, the Afghans, the Kambojs/Kambohs and the Kasmiris
had been living pretty much as neighbors and were one inter-related
racial group. The Persians of Iran (which was named Persia until 1935)
are an Iranian people who speak the Farsi dialect of Persian and often
refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ... Look up Kamboh in
Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboh is frequently used as surname or
last name by Muslim Kambojs, currently living in Pakistan. ... This
article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of
quality. ...
'During reign of terror in India (18th/19th centurry), it was the
Kambohs (Kamboj) only who were most trusted by the rich bankers for
carrying their cash in the disguise of faqirs' (Quoted in: Glossary of
Tribes, p 444; Panjab Castes, p 149; cf: Census Report of India, 1880).
The Kambojs have been noted for their courage, tenacity and stamina for
fighting.
They (Kamboj) make excellent soldiers, being of very fine physique and
possessing great courage.....They have always been noted for their
cunning strategy, which now, being far less 'slim' than in former
times, has developed into the permissible strategy of war (The Sikhs
and the Wars: Reginald Holder: (From Panjab: Past & Present Vol IV,
Part I, 1970, S. No 7, Ed Dr Ganda Singh)) A Norwegian soldier (a
Corporal, armed with an MP-5) A soldier is a person who has enlisted
with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign
country and has undergone training and received equipment to defend
that country or its interests. ...
The modern Kamboj are generally tall, well-built, sharp featured,
generally very fair (gaura varna) race having brown, some times redish
hair, and brown or sometimes gray eye color and long sharp noses.
Kamboj women are noted for their beauty.
In ancient references also, the Kambojas have been described as very
handsome race (MBH 7/23/43). Ancient Kamboj princes have also been
noted as tall (MBH 8/56/113), exceedingly handsome (MBH, 7/92/74,
8/56/113), of gaura varna, with faces illustrious like full moon (MBH
8/56/113), lotus eyed (MBH 8/56/113), handsome like the lord-moon among
the stars (MBH 1/67/31). Even Ramayana calls the Kambojas as
'ravisanibha' i.e with faces illustrious like the Sun (Ramayana
1/55/2).
Ancient Kamboja ladies were also noted for their beauty (Hindu World, p
520, Benjamin Walker; MBH 11/25/1-8)
Kamboj in Sports
The Kamboj have made outstanding contributions in wrestling, hockey,
and Kabaddi. Jodh Singh, Natha Singh, Hazara Singh, Santa Kharasia,
Bakshisha, Chhiba, Khushal, Chanan, Maula Bakhsh etc are the few
foremost Panjabi Kamboj wrestlers of yester-years who had earned great
name and fame in wrestling. Olympian Prithipal was probably the
greatest hockey full-back of the 20th century. Known as King of
short-corner and the Mahabahu of Indian hockey, Prithi was the first
Indian to win the Arjuna Award, and later Padam Shri Award in hockey.
Rasool Akhtar, President of Pakistan Hockey Federation, is one of the
greatest hockey Olympians from Pakistan. A fifteen year old Chandita is
the most brilliant emerging roller hockey player of India. Rattan Singh
alias Rattu has been the greatest defender in freestyle Kabaddi.
Wrestling may refer to: Sport wrestling Professional wrestling
grappling This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which
lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Hockey
is any of a family of sports in which two teams compete by trying to
maneuver a hard, round ball or a puck into the opponents goal, past the
goalkeeper or goaltender (often abbreviated goalie), using a stick. ...
Kabaddi or Kabadi is a team pursuit sport, primarily played in South
Asia. ... Roller hockey is a category which includes two rollersports.
... Kabaddi or Kabadi is a team pursuit sport, primarily played in
South Asia. ...
General
The total population of this people, still calling themselves as Kamboj
(or prikritic Kamboh, or Kamoz) or Kambhoj is estimated to be around
1.5 million, rest of their population, over the time, having submerged
with other occupationalized castes/groups of the subcontinent. Look up
Kamboh in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboh is frequently used as
surname or last name by Muslim Kambojs, currently living in Pakistan.
... Kamboj is very frequently used as surname or last name by many
Kambojs, currently living in India. ...
The Kambohs, by tradition, are divided into 52 and 84 clans. 52 line is
stated to be descendants of Cadet branch and 84 from the elder Branch.
This is claimed as referring to the young and elder military divisions
under which they had fought the Bharata war.
Numerous of their clan names overlap with other Kshatriyas and the
Rajput castes of the north-west India, thereby suggesting that some of
the Rajput clans of north-west must have descended from the Ancient
Kambojas.(cf: Glossary, II, p 444, fn. iii). According to the code of
Manu, a Kshatriya is a member of the military or reigning order, one of
four varna within the Vedic system of four groups or classes. ... A
Rajput (from Sanskrit rÄja-putra, son of a king) is a member of a
prominent caste who live throughout northern and central India,
primarily in the northwestern state of Rajasthan. ... A caste system is
a rigid system of social stratification, which divides members of a
society into different castes. ...
The Kambojs/Kambohs practiced weapon-worship in the past but the
practice is now going out of vogue (Jatt Tribes of Zira, p 138;
Glossary , II, p 444