s***@hotmail.com
2005-11-04 01:52:58 UTC
There are also many subsets in each caste. Dvija = twice-born
(twice-born = upper 3 castes or sometimes just Brahmin caste
particularly). Some Hindus have a delusion that caste is not promoted
by any of their holy books.
"By his very birth a Brahmin is a deity even for the gods and the only
authority for people in this world, for the Veda is the foundation in
this matter." -- Manusmrti 11:85.
"People here whose behaviour is pleasant can expect to enter a pleasant
womb, like that of a woman of the Brahmin, the Ksatriya, or the Vaisya
caste. But people of foul behaviour can expect to enter the foul womb,
like that of a dog, a pig, or an outcaste woman." -- Chandogya Upanisad
5:10:7.
"If a man of one birth (Sudra) hurls cruel words at one of the
twice-born, his tongue should be cut out, for he was born from the
rear-end. If he mentions their name or caste maliciously, a red-hot
iron nail ten-fingers long should be thrust into his mouth. If he is so
proud as to instruct priests about their duty, the king should have hot
oil poured into his mouth and ears." -- Manusmrti 8:270-272.
"If a man of inferior caste tries to sit down on the same seat as a man
of superior caste, he should be branded on the hip and banished, or
have his buttocks cut off." -- Manusmrti 8:281.
"If in the process of negotiating betrothal there are first ten suitors
of the non-Brahmana varna for a woman (the marriageable girl), all of
them lose their claims of marriage and, only the Brahmin, the learned
one, if he grasps her hand would be her husband and only he. Not even
the man of Ksatriya varna and not even the man of Vaisya varna but only
the Brahmin is the husband of the bride in such cases of claimants of
betrothal, and the sun, as it appears, revealing this fact to the
people of five classes (4 varnas and the fifth avarna) rises up." --
Atharva Veda 5:17:8-9.
"If someone born in a Ksatriya, Vaisya, or Sudra womb should be unable
to pay his fine, he may absolve himself of the debt by labour; a
Brahmin should pay little by little. The king should have women,
children, madmen, and the old, the poor, and the ill chastised with a
whip, a bamboo cane, a rope, and so forth." -- Manusmrti 9:229-230.
"The Sudra's duty and supreme good is nothing but obedience to famous
Brahmin householders who know the Veda. If he is unpolluted, obedient
to his superiors, gentle in his speech, without a sense of 'I', and
always dependent on the Brahmins and the other (twice-born castes), he
attains a superior birth (in the next life)." -- Manusmrti 9:334-335.
"...thereby the Ksatriya, whenever he likes, says, 'Hello Vaisya, just
bring to me what you have stored away!' Thus he both subdues him and
obtains possession of anything he wishes by dint of this very energy."
-- Satapatha Brahmana 1:3:2:15.
"One-fourth of (the punishment for) Brahmin-killing is traditionally
regarded as (the punishment) for the killing of a Ksatriya, one-eighth
for (killing) a Vaisya, and it should be one-sixteenth for (killing) a
Sudra who knows his place." -- Manusmrti 11:127.
"A Brahmin is a great deity whether or not he is learned, just as fire
is a great deity whether or not it is brought to the altar. The
purifying fire with its brilliant energy is not defiled even in
cremation grounds, and when oblations of butter are placed in it at
sacrifices it grows even greater. Thus Brahmins should be revered in
every way, even if they engage in all kinds of undesirable actions, for
this is the supreme deity. If the Ksatriyas become overbearing towards
the Brahmins in any way, the Brahmins themselves should subdue them,
for the Ksatriyas were born from the Brahmins." -- Manusmrti 9:317-320.
"A Ksatriya in adversity may also make a living by all of these
(means); but he should never be so proud as to assume the livelihood of
his betters. If a man of the lowest caste should, through greed, make
his living by the innate activities of his superiors, the king should
confiscate his wealth and banish him immediately. One's own duty,
(even) without any good qualities, is better than someone else's duty
well done; for a man who makes his living by someone else's duty
immediately falls from (his own) caste." -- Manusmrti 10:95-97.
"With whatever limb an inferior insults or hurts his superior in caste,
of that limb the king shall cause him to be deprived. If he places
himself on the same seat with his superior, he shall be banished with a
mark on his buttocks. If he spits on him, he shall lose both lips; If
he breaks wind against him, his hindparts; If he uses abusive language,
his tongue. If a (lowborn) man through pride gives instruction (to a
member of the highest caste) concerning his duty, let the king order
hot oil to be dropped into his mouth. If a (low-born man) mentions the
name or caste of a superior revilingly, an iron pin, ten inches long,
shall be thrust into his mouth (red hot)." -- Visnusmrti 5:19-25.
"His (Purusa's) mouth became the Brahmin; his arms were made into the
Ksatriya, his thighs the Vaisya, and from his feet the Sudra was born."
-- Rig Veda 10:90:12.
(twice-born = upper 3 castes or sometimes just Brahmin caste
particularly). Some Hindus have a delusion that caste is not promoted
by any of their holy books.
"By his very birth a Brahmin is a deity even for the gods and the only
authority for people in this world, for the Veda is the foundation in
this matter." -- Manusmrti 11:85.
"People here whose behaviour is pleasant can expect to enter a pleasant
womb, like that of a woman of the Brahmin, the Ksatriya, or the Vaisya
caste. But people of foul behaviour can expect to enter the foul womb,
like that of a dog, a pig, or an outcaste woman." -- Chandogya Upanisad
5:10:7.
"If a man of one birth (Sudra) hurls cruel words at one of the
twice-born, his tongue should be cut out, for he was born from the
rear-end. If he mentions their name or caste maliciously, a red-hot
iron nail ten-fingers long should be thrust into his mouth. If he is so
proud as to instruct priests about their duty, the king should have hot
oil poured into his mouth and ears." -- Manusmrti 8:270-272.
"If a man of inferior caste tries to sit down on the same seat as a man
of superior caste, he should be branded on the hip and banished, or
have his buttocks cut off." -- Manusmrti 8:281.
"If in the process of negotiating betrothal there are first ten suitors
of the non-Brahmana varna for a woman (the marriageable girl), all of
them lose their claims of marriage and, only the Brahmin, the learned
one, if he grasps her hand would be her husband and only he. Not even
the man of Ksatriya varna and not even the man of Vaisya varna but only
the Brahmin is the husband of the bride in such cases of claimants of
betrothal, and the sun, as it appears, revealing this fact to the
people of five classes (4 varnas and the fifth avarna) rises up." --
Atharva Veda 5:17:8-9.
"If someone born in a Ksatriya, Vaisya, or Sudra womb should be unable
to pay his fine, he may absolve himself of the debt by labour; a
Brahmin should pay little by little. The king should have women,
children, madmen, and the old, the poor, and the ill chastised with a
whip, a bamboo cane, a rope, and so forth." -- Manusmrti 9:229-230.
"The Sudra's duty and supreme good is nothing but obedience to famous
Brahmin householders who know the Veda. If he is unpolluted, obedient
to his superiors, gentle in his speech, without a sense of 'I', and
always dependent on the Brahmins and the other (twice-born castes), he
attains a superior birth (in the next life)." -- Manusmrti 9:334-335.
"...thereby the Ksatriya, whenever he likes, says, 'Hello Vaisya, just
bring to me what you have stored away!' Thus he both subdues him and
obtains possession of anything he wishes by dint of this very energy."
-- Satapatha Brahmana 1:3:2:15.
"One-fourth of (the punishment for) Brahmin-killing is traditionally
regarded as (the punishment) for the killing of a Ksatriya, one-eighth
for (killing) a Vaisya, and it should be one-sixteenth for (killing) a
Sudra who knows his place." -- Manusmrti 11:127.
"A Brahmin is a great deity whether or not he is learned, just as fire
is a great deity whether or not it is brought to the altar. The
purifying fire with its brilliant energy is not defiled even in
cremation grounds, and when oblations of butter are placed in it at
sacrifices it grows even greater. Thus Brahmins should be revered in
every way, even if they engage in all kinds of undesirable actions, for
this is the supreme deity. If the Ksatriyas become overbearing towards
the Brahmins in any way, the Brahmins themselves should subdue them,
for the Ksatriyas were born from the Brahmins." -- Manusmrti 9:317-320.
"A Ksatriya in adversity may also make a living by all of these
(means); but he should never be so proud as to assume the livelihood of
his betters. If a man of the lowest caste should, through greed, make
his living by the innate activities of his superiors, the king should
confiscate his wealth and banish him immediately. One's own duty,
(even) without any good qualities, is better than someone else's duty
well done; for a man who makes his living by someone else's duty
immediately falls from (his own) caste." -- Manusmrti 10:95-97.
"With whatever limb an inferior insults or hurts his superior in caste,
of that limb the king shall cause him to be deprived. If he places
himself on the same seat with his superior, he shall be banished with a
mark on his buttocks. If he spits on him, he shall lose both lips; If
he breaks wind against him, his hindparts; If he uses abusive language,
his tongue. If a (lowborn) man through pride gives instruction (to a
member of the highest caste) concerning his duty, let the king order
hot oil to be dropped into his mouth. If a (low-born man) mentions the
name or caste of a superior revilingly, an iron pin, ten inches long,
shall be thrust into his mouth (red hot)." -- Visnusmrti 5:19-25.
"His (Purusa's) mouth became the Brahmin; his arms were made into the
Ksatriya, his thighs the Vaisya, and from his feet the Sudra was born."
-- Rig Veda 10:90:12.